What impacts water services in rural Alaska? Identifying vulnerabilities at the intersection of technical, natural, human, and financial systems
What impacts water services in rural Alaska? Identifying vulnerabilities at the intersection of technical, natural, human, and financial systems
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什么影响阿拉斯加农村地区的供水服务？
DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134596
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Faust, Kasey M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Spearing, Lauryn A.;Mehendale, Prachi;Albertson, Leif;Kaminsky, Jessica A.;Faust, Kasey M.
阿拉斯加农村地区有数千户家庭无法获得家庭供水服务，而那些提供服务的家庭经常会遇到中断。这种服务差距导致极端的水资源保护和水质问题，导致历史上被剥夺权利的原住民社区的健康差距。阿拉斯加农村地区的水务部门面临的挑战源于多种条件，这些条件造成了复杂的运营环境，例如极端气候、有限的资金、劳动力少和社区偏远环境。必须全面了解阿拉斯加水务部门挑战的性质，汇集代理观点以了解整个系统的运营。反过来，我们的研究目标是 1) 确定阿拉斯加农村地区供水服务提供所涉及的财务、人力、自然和技术系统中的挑战，以及 2) 使用系统思维方法来确定系统之间的相互依赖性。具体来说，我们确定了北极环境和气候变化造成的级联影响，以及导致未获得服务的社区和系统故障增加的因素。为此，我们对与阿拉斯加水基础设施合作的 19 名利益相关者进行了半结构化访谈，进行了演绎归纳定性内容分析。研究结果表明，气候变化加剧了北极的运行环境，给金融和技术系统带来压力（例如洪水影响水源水质）。此外，我们发现服务中断通常是由于缺乏运营和维护资金造成的；社区只能使用系统故障后可用的紧急资金来支付维修费用。在这里，我们概述了可用于改善阿拉斯加农村供水服务的政策、工程和管理杠杆点。例如，我们建议审计筹资系统，以确保公平分配，并进一步探索北极社区的水与能源关系。
Thousands of homes in rural Alaska do not have access to in-home water services and those that are served often experience disruptions. Such gaps in service lead to extreme water conservation and water quality issues, causing health disparities in Native communities that have been historically disenfranchised. Water sector challenges in rural Alaska stem from a variety of conditions that create a complicated operating context, such as the extreme climate, limited funding, small workforce, and remote settings of the communities. It is imperative to holistically understand the nature of water sector challenges in Alaska, bringing together proxy views to gain an understanding of overall system operations. In turn, our research objectives are to 1) identify challenges within the financial, human, natural, and technical systems involved in the provision of water services in rural Alaska, and 2) use a systems thinking approach to identify interdependencies between systems. Specifically, we identify the cascading impacts caused by the arctic environment and by climate change, and the factors contributing to the increase of unserved communities and system failures. To do so, we performed a deductive-inductive qualitative content analysis on semi-structured interviews with 19 stakeholders that work with water infrastructure in Alaska. Findings show that climate change exacerbates the Arctic operating context, straining financial and technical systems (e.g., flooding impacts source water quality). Additionally, we found that service disruptions are often caused by a lack of operations and maintenance funding; communities are only able to pay for repairs using emergency funds that become available after system failures. Here, we outline policy, engineering, and management leverage points that can be used to improve water services in rural Alaska. For instance, we recommend auditing funding systems to ensure equitable allocations and further exploring the water-energy nexus in arctic communities.
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DOI：
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