Early environmental origins of neurodegenerative disease in later life.
Early environmental origins of neurodegenerative disease in later life.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.7571
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发表时间：
2005-09
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Droller D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Landrigan PJ;Sonawane B;Butler RN;Trasande L;Callan R;Droller D
帕金森病（PD）和阿尔茨海默病（AD）是美国成年人中两种最常见的神经退行性疾病，在少数情况下纯粹是遗传起源，并且在大多数情况下似乎是通过遗传和环境因素之间的相互作用产生的。在这篇文章中，我们假设在生命早期的环境暴露可能是特别重要的病因和审查证据的早期环境起源的神经退行性疾病。对于PD，第一个公认的环境原因MPTP（1-甲基-4-苯基-1，2，3，6-四氢吡啶）是在药物滥用者的流行病学研究中确定的。实验上与帕金森病有关的化学品包括杀虫剂鱼藤酮和除草剂百草枯和代森锰;百草枯和代森锰之间的相互作用已经被观察到。在流行病学研究中，锰与帕金森症有关。在痴呆症中，铅与长期接触工人的风险增加有关。儿童在生命早期暴露于铅、多氯联苯和甲基汞之后，智力会持续下降，这可能预示着痴呆。为了发现AD和PD的新的环境原因，并描述相关的基因-环境相互作用，我们建议进行一项大型的前瞻性遗传学和流行病学研究，该研究将跟踪数千名儿童从受孕（或之前）到老年。病因学发现的其他方法包括建立AD和PD的发病率登记，在高危人群中进行有针对性的调查，以及改善化学品潜在神经毒性的测试。
Parkinson disease (PD) and Alzheimer disease (AD), the two most common neurodegenerative disorders in American adults, are of purely genetic origin in a minority of cases and appear in most instances to arise through interactions among genetic and environmental factors. In this article we hypothesize that environmental exposures in early life may be of particular etiologic importance and review evidence for the early environmental origins of neurodegeneration. For PD the first recognized environmental cause, MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), was identified in epidemiologic studies of drug abusers. Chemicals experimentally linked to PD include the insecticide rotenone and the herbicides paraquat and maneb; interaction has been observed between paraquat and maneb. In epidemiologic studies, manganese has been linked to parkinsonism. In dementia, lead is associated with increased risk in chronically exposed workers. Exposures of children in early life to lead, polychlorinated biphenyls, and methylmercury have been followed by persistent decrements in intelligence that may presage dementia. To discover new environmental causes of AD and PD, and to characterize relevant gene–environment interactions, we recommend that a large, prospective genetic and epidemiologic study be undertaken that will follow thousands of children from conception (or before) to old age. Additional approaches to etiologic discovery include establishing incidence registries for AD and PD, conducting targeted investigations in high-risk populations, and improving testing of the potential neurologic toxicity of chemicals.
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影响因子：
11.2
作者：
Hernán, MA;Takkouche, B;Gestal-Otero, JJ
通讯作者：
Gestal-Otero, JJ
影响因子：
--
作者：
LAW, CM;DESWIET, M;FALL, CHD
通讯作者：
FALL, CHD
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
Canfield, RL;Henderson, CR;Lanphear, BP
通讯作者：
Lanphear, BP
影响因子：
9.9
作者：
KURLAND, LT;MULDER, DW
通讯作者：
MULDER, DW
DOI：
10.1111/j.1471-0528.1992.tb13726.x
发表时间：
1992-04-01
期刊：
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
HINCHLIFFE, SA;LYNCH, MRJ;VANVELZEN, D
通讯作者：
VANVELZEN, D