A model of lysosomal pH regulation.

A model of lysosomal pH regulation.
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DOI:
10.1085/jgp.201210930
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发表时间:
2013-06
期刊:
The Journal of general physiology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Grabe M
Grabe M
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ishida Y;Nayak S;Mindell JA;Grabe M

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溶酶体必须维持酸性腔内 pH 值才能激活水解酶并降解内化的大分子。酸化需要液泡型 H+-ATP 酶将质子泵入管腔,并需要反离子通量来中和质子积累产生的膜电位。早期实验表明抗衡离子是氯离子,最近发现了一条与 ClC-7 Cl–/H+ 反向转运蛋白一致的途径。然而,有报道称 ClC-7 敲除小鼠的稳态管腔 pH 值不受影响,这引发了关于载体和抗衡离子身份的问题。在这里,我们测量了哺乳动物 ClC-7 反向转运蛋白的电流-电压特性,并利用其转运特性与其他关键离子调节元件一起构建了溶酶体 pH 调节的数学模型。我们表明,体外溶酶体实验的结果只能用 ClC-7 的存在来解释,并且 ClC-7 比 Cl–、K+ 或 Na+ 通道促进更大的酸化。我们的模型预测根据主要抗衡离子途径的不同,溶酶体 K+ 动力学存在显着差异。然而,由于缺乏有关体内酸化的实验数据,该模型不能明确排除任何给定的机制,但该模型确实为其他实验提供了具体的预测,以澄清反离子及其载体的身份。
Lysosomes must maintain an acidic luminal pH to activate hydrolytic enzymes and degrade internalized macromolecules. Acidification requires the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase to pump protons into the lumen and a counterion flux to neutralize the membrane potential created by proton accumulation. Early experiments suggested that the counterion was chloride, and more recently a pathway consistent with the ClC-7 Cl–/H+ antiporter was identified. However, reports that the steady-state luminal pH is unaffected in ClC-7 knockout mice raise questions regarding the identity of the carrier and the counterion. Here, we measure the current–voltage characteristics of a mammalian ClC-7 antiporter, and we use its transport properties, together with other key ion regulating elements, to construct a mathematical model of lysosomal pH regulation. We show that results of in vitro lysosome experiments can only be explained by the presence of ClC-7, and that ClC-7 promotes greater acidification than Cl–, K+, or Na+ channels. Our models predict strikingly different lysosomal K+ dynamics depending on the major counterion pathways. However, given the lack of experimental data concerning acidification in vivo, the model cannot definitively rule out any given mechanism, but the model does provide concrete predictions for additional experiments that would clarify the identity of the counterion and its carrier.
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