Unifying Agency. Reconsidering Hans Reiner’s Phenomenology of Activity

Unifying Agency. Reconsidering Hans Reiner’s Phenomenology of Activity
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统一机构重新考虑汉斯·赖纳的活动现象学

DOI:
10.1007/s10743-018-9235-6
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1.3
通讯作者:
Christopher Erhard
Christopher Erhard
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作者:
Christopher Erhard

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在本文中,我认为,几乎被遗忘的早期论文的现象学家汉斯赖纳(1896-1991年)弗赖海特,沃伦和活动。《关于意志自由问题的现象学研究》(1927)涉及我所说的活动的统一性问题。这个问题涉及的问题是,是否存在一种结构,凭借这种结构,人类活动的所有实例(至少是前反思意识)而不仅仅是“成熟的”有意行为可以统一起来。在对这个与当代“行动问题”密切相关的问题进行了简短而系统的阐述之后,我详细阐述并批判性地讨论了贯穿雷纳著作的两条相关线索。第一种观点涉及所谓的主动性和被动性之间的动机不对称性,根据这种不对称性,只有潜在的被动性才能激发主动体验。第二种观点集中在赖纳的意志现象学上,特别是他的“自我中心”(Ich-Zentralität)和“内在意志”(inneres Wollen)的概念,后者是在与布伦塔诺的“内在意识”概念相类比的情况下引入的。这两个概念被认为统一了人类意志的所有表现形式,包括“完全的”有意行为(Handlungen)和无意行为,如笑。赖纳将基于意志的行动扩展到非有意的活动,是他早期工作中最引人注目的方面之一。最后,我表明,赖纳最终回答了否定的统一性问题,因为他最终认为,除了基于意志的机构(包括有意和无意的行动),他还承认所谓的“运动活动”(Bewegungsaktivität),这是不是内在相关的意志。最后,我将提出几个尝试性的建议,说明意志和运动如何能够统一起来。
In this paper I argue that the almost forgotten early dissertation of the phenomenologist Hans Reiner (1896–1991)Freiheit, Wollen und Aktivität. Phänomenologische Untersuchungen in Richtung auf das Problem der Willensfreiheit(1927) engages with what I call theunity problem of activity. This problem concerns the question whether there is a structure in virtue of which all instances of (at least pre-reflectively conscious) human activity—and not only “full-blown” intentional actions—can be unified. After a brief systematic elucidation of this problem, which is closely related to the contemporary “problem of action,” I elaborate and critically discuss two relevant threads running through Reiner’s work. The first view concerns the alleged motivational asymmetry between activity and passivity according to which it is essential only for active experiences to be motivated by an underlying passivity. The second view focuses on Reiner’s phenomenology of the will, especially on his notions of “ego-centrality” (Ich-Zentralität) and “inner will” (inneres Wollen) the latter being introduced in analogy to Brentano’s notion of “inner consciousness.” These two notions are supposed to unify all manifestations of the human will, including “full-blown” intentional actions (Handlungen) and non-intentional doings such as laughter. Reiner’s extension of will-based actions to non-intentional activity is one of the most remarkable aspects of his early work. Finally, I show that Reiner ultimately answers the unity problem in the negative because he ends up with the view that besides will-based agency (comprising both intentional and non-intentional actions) he also acknowledges so-called “motor activity” (Bewegungsaktivität) which is not intrinsically related to the will. I close with a couple of tentative proposals how volitional and motor actions might be unified nonetheless.
双方面理论
DOI: --
发表时间: 2018
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DOI: --
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