Genomic landscape of developing male germ cells.
Genomic landscape of developing male germ cells.
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DOI：
10.1002/bdrc.20147
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发表时间：
2009-03
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chan, Wai-Yee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, Tin-Lap;Pang, Alan Lap-Yin;Rennert, Owen M.;Chan, Wai-Yee
精子发生是精原细胞发育成成熟精子的高度精心策划的发育过程。这个过程涉及许多睾丸或男性生殖细胞特异性基因产物，其表达受到严格调控。在过去的十年中，高通量基因表达分析技术的出现使得这一过程的功能基因组研究，特别是在小鼠和大鼠等模型动物中变得可行和实用。这些研究刚刚开始揭示发育中的雄性生殖细胞基因组景观的复杂性。超过 50% 的小鼠和大鼠基因组在睾丸发育过程中表达。在生殖细胞中存在的转录本中，40% – 60% 是未表征的。许多基因及其相关的生物途径在精子发生的不同阶段有差异表达。发育中的雄性生殖细胞呈现出丰富的遗传过程。组织特异性以及精子发生阶段特异性的基因选择性剪接例证了基因组表达的复杂性。除了这一层控制之外，大量存在反义转录物、表达的假基因、非编码RNA（ncRNA）（包括长ncRNA、微小RNA（miRNA）和Piwi相互作用RNA（piRNA））以及逆转录基因的发现都表明雄性生殖细胞中存在多层表达和功能调节。预计系统生物学方法的应用将进一步加深我们对精子发生调节机制的理解。†
Spermatogenesis is a highly orchestrated developmental process by which spermatogonia develop into mature spermatozoa. This process involves many testis- or male germ cell-specific gene products whose expressions are strictly regulated. In the past decade the advent of high-throughput gene expression analytical techniques has made functional genomic studies of this process, particularly in model animals such as mice and rats, feasible and practical. These studies have just begun to reveal the complexity of the genomic landscape of the developing male germ cells. Over 50% of the mouse and rat genome are expressed during testicular development. Among transcripts present in germ cells, 40% – 60% are uncharacterized. A number of genes, and consequently their associated biological pathways, are differentially expressed at different stages of spermatogenesis. Developing male germ cells present a rich repertoire of genetic processes. Tissue-specific as well as spermatogenesis stage-specific alternative splicing of genes exemplifies the complexity of genome expression. In addition to this layer of control, discoveries of abundant presence of antisense transcripts, expressed psuedogenes, non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) including long ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and retrogenes all point to the presence of multiple layers of expression and functional regulation in male germ cells. It is anticipated that application of systems biology approaches will further our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of spermatogenesis.†
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