Impact of anxiety on prefrontal cortex encoding of cognitive flexibility.
Impact of anxiety on prefrontal cortex encoding of cognitive flexibility.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.013
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发表时间：
2017-03-14
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Moghaddam, Bita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Park, Junchol;Moghaddam, Bita
在实验室模型中，焦虑常常被作为一种独立的结构进行研究。但是在应对现实生活中的焦虑时，其负面影响不仅限于厌恶感，还涉及正在进行的目标导向行为和认知功能的中断。受焦虑影响的认知结构的关键例子是认知灵活性和决策。特别是，焦虑会阻碍根据任务要求的变化在不同策略之间灵活转换的能力，以及在存在干扰因素的情况下保持一种策略的能力。与行为灵活性最密切相关的大脑区域是前额叶皮层（PFC），但是对于焦虑如何影响对灵活行为至关重要的内部和外部事件的PFC编码，我们知之甚少。在此，我们回顾了动物和人类的神经生理学及神经影像学研究，这些研究表明PFC神经处理与焦虑导致的认知灵活性缺陷有关。然后，我们为未来的研究提出了实验和分析方法，以便更好地从机制上理解焦虑及相关障碍中受损的认知不灵活性。
Anxiety often is studied as a stand-alone construct in laboratory models. But in the context of coping with real-life anxiety, its negative impacts extend beyond aversive feelings and involve disruptions in ongoing goal-directed behaviors and cognitive functioning. Critical examples of cognitive constructs affected by anxiety are cognitive flexibility and decision making. In particular, anxiety impedes the ability to shift flexibly between strategies in response to changes in task demands, as well as the ability to maintain a strategy in the presence of distractors. The brain region most critically involved in behavioral flexibility is the prefrontal cortex (PFC), but little is known about how anxiety impacts PFC encoding of internal and external events that are critical for flexible behavior. Here we review animal and human neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies implicating PFC neural processing in anxiety-induced deficits in cognitive flexibility. We then suggest experimental and analytical approaches for future studies to gain a better mechanistic understanding of impaired cognitive inflexibility in anxiety and related disorders.
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