Leftward Flow Determines Laterality in Conjoined Twins

Leftward Flow Determines Laterality in Conjoined Twins
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向左流动决定连体双胞胎的偏侧性

DOI:
10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.049
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
影响因子:
9.2
通讯作者:
Schweickert
Schweickert
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tisler;Thumberger;Schneider;Schweickert

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连体双胞胎在胸部融合显示出一种神秘的左右缺陷:虽然左侧双胞胎是正常的,但一半的右侧双胞胎的偏侧性受到干扰[1-3]。在分子上,这种随机化对应于右双胞胎中缺乏不对称的Nodal级联诱导[4]。我们研究了非洲爪蟾双胎中左右组织者(LRO)[7,8]的血流[5,6],显示了一个重复的、融合的和纤毛的LRO。纤毛活动,从右侧LRO边缘到左侧双胎的左侧边缘产生一个螺旋流。左侧双胞胎需要运动来纠正偏侧性,因为动力蛋白motordnah 9的敲低阻止了Nodal级联诱导。Nodal是通过在左双胞胎的左侧平行击倒双胞胎5 [9,10]而获救的。尽管存在血流,但右侧双胎缺乏淋巴结诱导,这是由于对Dand 5的抑制不足。在融合的LRO中心敲低dand 5也导致右侧双胞胎中的不对称Nodal级联诱导。以有针对性的和侧面的方式操纵左双胞胎、右双胞胎、两个或两个都没有以可预测的方式诱导结叶栅。因此,连体双胞胎中的侧向性是由纤毛驱动的微流体流动决定的,就像单个胚胎一样,这解决了一个世纪之谜,因为实验胚胎学的一些创始人已经研究了这种现象,包括Dareste [11],Fol和Warynsky [12],Spemann和法尔肯贝格[13](在[14]中进行了综述)。
Conjoined twins fused at the thorax display an enigmatic left-right defect: although left twins are normal, laterality is disturbed in one-half of right twins [1–3]. Molecularly, this randomization corresponds to a lack of asymmetric Nodal cascade induction in right twins [4]. We studied leftward flow [5, 6] at the left-right organizer (LRO) [7, 8] in thoracopagus twins inXenopus, which displayed a duplicated, fused, and ciliated LRO. Cilia were motile and produced a leftward flow from the right LRO margin of the right to the left margin of the left twin. Motility was required for correct laterality in left twins, as knockdown of dynein motordnah9prevented Nodal cascade induction. Nodal was rescued by parallel knockdown of the inhibitordand5[9, 10] on the left side of the left twin. Lack of Nodal induction in the right twin, despite the presence of flow, was due to insufficient suppression ofdand5. Knockdown ofdand5at the center of the fused LRO resulted in asymmetric Nodal cascade induction in the right twin as well. Manipulation of leftward flow anddand5in a targeted and sided manner induced the Nodal cascade in a predictable manner, in the left twin, the right one, both, or neither. Laterality in conjoined twins thus was determined by cilia-driven leftward fluid flow like in single embryos, which solves a century-old riddle, as the phenomenon was already studied by some of the founders of experimental embryology, including Dareste [11], Fol and Warynsky [12], and Spemann and Falkenberg [13] (reviewed in [14]).
爪蟾胚胎中左右轴由 Coco、Xnr1 和 derrière 的相互作用调节。
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发表时间: 2000
期刊: genesis
影响因子: 1.5
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DOI: --
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发表时间: 2014
期刊: The International journal of developmental biology
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