Development of kinesthetic-motor and auditory-motor representations in school-aged children.
Development of kinesthetic-motor and auditory-motor representations in school-aged children.
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学龄儿童动觉运动和听觉运动表征的发展。
DOI：
10.1007/s00221-015-4288-7
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Clark,JaneE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kagerer,FlorianA;Clark,JaneE
在两个实验中，我们使用了中心向外的任务，我们调查了动觉运动和运动整合在5至12岁的儿童和年轻人。在实验1中，参与者将数字化平板电脑上的笔从起始位置移动到三个目标之一（视觉运动条件），然后移动到四个目标之一，没有视觉反馈的运动。在这两种情况下，我们发现，随着年龄的增长，孩子们移动得更快，更直，并成为他们的前馈控制变量少。在所有年龄组中，对向对侧运动的更高控制要求反映在更长的运动时间和更低的空间准确性上。当前馈控制主要依赖于动觉时，7至10岁的儿童变化更大，这表明在这个年龄段很难有效地在前馈和反馈控制之间切换。方向性终点错误的年龄呈反比;随着年龄的增长，较大的错误可能反映了优势手的功能偏侧化。在实验2中，同样的视觉-运动条件之后，参与者必须移动到声学目标（白色频带或三分之一倍频程噪声）的视觉-运动条件。由于在后者的方向线索完全来自transcallosally介导的耳间时间差，我们假设，运动表征会显示年龄的影响。结果没有显示出明显的年龄效应，这表明胼胝体的功能在儿童中足以让他们在很小的时候就形成准确的大脑运动图。
In two experiments using a center-out task, we investigated kinesthetic-motor and auditory-motor integrations in 5- to 12-year-old children and young adults. In experiment 1, participants moved a pen on a digitizing tablet from a starting position to one of three targets (visuo-motor condition), and then to one of four targets without visual feedback of the movement. In both conditions, we found that with increasing age, the children moved faster and straighter, and became less variable in their feedforward control. Higher control demands for movements toward the contralateral side were reflected in longer movement times and decreased spatial accuracy across all age groups. When feedforward control relies predominantly on kinesthesia, 7- to 10-year-old children were more variable, indicating difficulties in switching between feedforward and feedback control efficiently during that age. An inverse age progression was found for directional endpoint error; larger errors increasing with age likely reflect stronger functional lateralization for the dominant hand. In experiment 2, the same visuo-motor condition was followed by an auditory-motor condition in which participants had to move to acoustic targets (either white band or one-third octave noise). Since in the latter directional cues come exclusively from transcallosally mediated interaural time differences, we hypothesized that auditory-motor representations would show age effects. The results did not show a clear age effect, suggesting that corpus callosum functionality is sufficient in children to allow them to form accurate auditory-motor maps already at a young age.
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