Social Change, Out-migration, and Exit from Farming in Nepal.
Social Change, Out-migration, and Exit from Farming in Nepal.
复制标题
尼泊尔的社会变迁、外迁和农业退出。
DOI：
10.1007/s11111-020-00363-5
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Bhandari P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ghimire DJ;Axinn WG;Bhandari P
虽然国际向外移徙很普遍，但很少有证据表明移徙对原籍国经济变化的影响，特别是对亚洲人口稠密的农业地区。我们研究了尼泊尔劳动力外迁、汇款和农业变化之间的关系。现有的关于这一重要的人口-环境关系的研究通常忽略了当地社区背景的作用，这是众所周知的塑造人口行为和可能退出农业的因素。研究对外迁对农业变革的影响提出了相反的观点——(1)农业劳动力的流失减少了对农业的参与，(2)汇款带来的信贷限制的放松增加了对农业的参与——并表明这两种机制可能同时起作用。这两种机制都可能受到当地环境变化的影响。利用多层动态模型，我们在控制社区环境变化的情况下，估计了外出移民与家庭成员汇款以及随后退出农业之间的关联。结果表明，国际外移与退出农业的可能性较高有关，同时汇款与退出农业的可能性较低有关。结果对模型规范中的几个关键变化具有鲁棒性，包括对家庭特征和当地社区背景的控制。然而，当地社区背景对退出农业的危害具有重要的独立影响。
Though international out-migration is widespread, little evidence exists regarding the consequences for economic change in sending countries, particularly in the densely populated agricultural areas of Asia. We examine associations between labor out-migration, remittances, and agricultural change in Nepal. Existing studies of this important population-environment relationship generally ignore the role of local community context, which is known to shape demographic behavior and likely exit from farming as well. Research offers opposing views of the consequences of out-migration for agricultural change – (1) loss of farm labor reduces engagement in agriculture, versus (2) loosening credit constraints from remittances increases engagement in agriculture – and indicates that both mechanisms likely operate simultaneously. Both of these mechanisms are likely to be shaped by changes in local context. Using multilevel dynamic models, we estimate associations between out-migration and remittances by household members and subsequent exit from farming, controlling for variations in community context. Results suggest international out-migration is associated with higher odds of exit from farming and simultaneously remittances are associated with lower odds of exit from farming. Results are robust against several key variations in model specification, including controls for household characteristics and local community context. However, local community context exerts an important independent influence on the hazard of exit from farming.
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影响因子：
9.1
作者：
Axinn, WG;Barber, JS
通讯作者：
Barber, JS
影响因子：
7.1
作者：
Davis, Jason;Lopez-Carr, David
通讯作者：
Lopez-Carr, David
影响因子：
2
作者：
Adams, RH
通讯作者：
Adams, RH
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Adhikari, J.;Ojha, H.;Bhattarai, B.
通讯作者：
Bhattarai, B.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Axinn, WG;Yabiku, ST
通讯作者：
Yabiku, ST