Diverging Fates of the Pacific Ocean Oxygen Minimum Zone and Its Core in a Warming World

Diverging Fates of the Pacific Ocean Oxygen Minimum Zone and Its Core in a Warming World
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变暖世界中太平洋最低氧气区及其核心的不同命运

DOI:
10.1029/2021av000470
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
8.4
通讯作者:
John, Jasmin G.
John, Jasmin G.
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Busecke, Julius J.;Resplandy, Laure;Ditkovsky, Sam J.;John, Jasmin G.

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全球海洋氧气损失预计将在未来持续下去,但地球系统模型(ESM)尚未提供它将如何影响热带太平洋最大氧气最小区(OMZ)的一致图片。我们研究了CMIP 6档案中ESM集合中太平洋OMZ体积的变化,考虑了与地球化学循环和生态系统相关的广泛的氧(O2)阈值(5-160 µmol/kg)。尽管OMZ在模拟的历史时期存在偏差,但ESM集合预测在ESM中始终分为三个区域:低含氧沃茨的扩张(对于O2≤ 120 µmol/kg,+0.8 [0.6,1.0] × 1016 m3/世纪,ESM中位数和四分位距); OMZ核心略有收缩,尽管ESM的不确定性更大(对于O2≤ 20 µmol/kg,为−0.1 [−0.5,0.0] × 1016 m3/世纪);在从收缩到膨胀的过渡阶段,缺氧沃茨的体积发生了空间重新分布,但变化接近于零(O2≤ 60 µmol/kg时为0.0 [−0.3,+0.1] × 1016 m3/世纪)。循环和生物学的变化决定了从扩张到收缩的转变。具体而言,减少亚热带通风控制低含氧沃茨的扩张,而循环和生物变化的组合解释了核心的收缩(可能是混合的变化,减少中间通风和氧气需求)。增加模型复杂性(例如,生态系统动力学和赤道环流)可能会稳定OMZ的响应,这表明未来的变化可能位于目前预测的下限。低含氧沃茨是众多海洋物种的最佳栖息地,其扩大将严重影响生态系统和生态系统服务。
Global ocean oxygen loss is projected to persist in the future, but Earth system models (ESMs) have not yet provided a consistent picture of how it will influence the largest oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the tropical Pacific. We examine the change in the Pacific OMZ volume in an ensemble of ESMs from the CMIP6 archive, considering a broad range of oxygen (O2) thresholds relevant to biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems (5–160 µmol/kg). Despite OMZ biases in the historical period of the simulations, the ESM ensemble projections consistently fall into three regimes across ESMs: an expansion of low oxygenated waters (+0.8 [0.6, 1.0] × 1016m3/century for O2≤ 120 µmol/kg, ESM median and interquartile range); a slight contraction of the OMZ core although more uncertain across ESMs (−0.1 [−0.5, 0.0] × 1016m3/century for O2≤ 20 µmol/kg); and at the transition from contraction to expansion regimes, a spatial redistribution but near‐zero change in the volume of hypoxic waters (0.0 [−0.3, +0.1] × 1016m3/century for O2≤ 60 µmol/kg). Changes in circulation and biology dictate the shift from expansion to contraction. Specifically, reduced subtropical ventilation controls the expansion of low oxygenated waters, while a combination of circulation and biological changes explains the contraction of the core (likely changes in mixing, reduced intermediate ventilation and oxygen demand). Increased model complexity (e.g., ecosystem dynamics and equatorial circulation) likely stabilize the OMZ response, suggesting that future changes might lie in the lower bound of current projections. The expansion of low oxygenated waters which delimit the optimum habitat of numerous marine species would severely impact ecosystems and ecosystem services.
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发表时间: 2012
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影响因子: 4.9
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发表时间: 2021
影响因子: 5.2
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