The Impact of Rheology on the Transition From Stick‐Slip to Creep in a Semibrittle Analog

The Impact of Rheology on the Transition From Stick‐Slip to Creep in a Semibrittle Analog
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流变学对半脆性模拟从粘滑到蠕变转变的影响

DOI:
10.1029/2018jb016914
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Reber, J. E.
Reber, J. E.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Birren, T.;Reber, J. E.

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断层可以通过各种不同的滑动机制释放能量,从稳定的蠕变到快速和破坏性的地震。将地壳流变学与各种滑动动力学联系起来,对于我们理解板块构造和地震的发生是很重要的。在这里,我们提出,裂缝和粘性流动的相互作用导致粘滑和蠕变之间的频谱。我们使用弹粘塑性岩石模拟物(Carbopol U-21),我们改变屈服应力,以研究其对剪切实验中滑动动力学的影响。使用简单的剪切装置进行实验,该剪切装置在实验的整个宽度上提供分布剪切,并允许原位观察变形。我们记录变形过程中的力和位移,并使用延时摄影来记录裂缝的发展。低屈服应力(25 Pa)导致在没有断裂的情况下的蠕变动力学。中间屈服应力(144 Pa)导致开放(模式I)和剪切(模式II)骨折的发展和相互作用。这种相互作用导致从蠕变到粘滑的滑动动力学谱。高屈服应力(357 Pa)导致许多I型断裂的发展和以粘滑为主的变形信号。这些结果表明,体积屈服应力,断裂形成和滑移动力学密切相关,并可能导致蠕变和粘滑之间的连续性。我们认为,流变学应被视为一个额外的机制来解释天然断层的滑动动力学范围广泛。
Faults can release energy via a variety of different slip mechanisms ranging from steady creep to fast and destructive earthquakes. Tying the rheology of the crust to various slip dynamics is important for our understanding of plate tectonics and earthquake generation. Here we propose that the interplay of fractures and viscous flow leads to a spectrum between stick‐slip and creep. We use an elasto‐visco‐plastic rock analog (Carbopol U‐21) where we vary the yield stress to investigate its impact on slip dynamics in shear experiments. The experiments are performed using a simple shear apparatus, which provides distributed shear across the entire width of the experiment and allows in situ observations of deformation. We record force and displacement during deformation and use time lapse photography to document fracture development. A low yield stress (25 Pa) leads to creep dynamics in the absence of fractures. An intermediate yield stress (144 Pa) leads to the development and interaction of opening (mode I) and shear (mode II) fractures. This interaction leads to a spectrum in slip dynamics ranging from creep to stick‐slip. A high yield stress (357 Pa) results in the development of many mode I fractures and a deformation signal dominated by stick‐slip. These results show that bulk yield stress, fracture formation, and slip dynamics are closely linked and can lead to a continuum between creep and stick‐slip. We suggest that rheology should be considered as an additional mechanism to explain the broad range of slip dynamics in natural faults.
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发表时间: 1993-05
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影响因子: 2.9
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