Microbial hitchhikers harbouring antimicrobial-resistance genes in the riverine plastisphere.
Microbial hitchhikers harbouring antimicrobial-resistance genes in the riverine plastisphere.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40168-023-01662-3
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发表时间：
2023-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
15.5
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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塑料污染的广泛性引起了科学和社会对这些材料作为病原菌载体和抗菌素耐药基因（ARG）储存库的广泛关注。使用原位和异位孵化来表征河流塑料圈的分类学和功能，以确定水中的抗生素是否影响这些微生物组中的 ARG 谱，以及如何将这些微生物组与自然表面（例如木材及其浮游生物对应物）上的 ARG 谱进行比较。我们表明，塑料支持分类学上独特的微生物组，其中包含潜在的病原体和 ARG。虽然塑料球与木材上生长的生物膜相似，但它们与周围的水微生物组不同。因此，虽然潜在的机会性病原体（即铜绿假单胞菌、不动杆菌和气单胞菌）和 ARG 亚型（即对大环内酯类/林可酰胺类、利福霉素、磺胺类、消毒剂和糖肽具有抗性的亚型）在所有表面相关微生物组中占主导地位，特别是在风化的微生物组中 在塑料中，浮游区室中占主导地位的是一组完全不同的潜在病原体（即埃希氏菌、沙门氏菌、克雷伯氏菌和链球菌）和 ARG（即氨基糖苷类、四环素、氨基香豆素、氟喹诺酮类、硝基咪唑、恶唑烷酮和磷霉素）。我们以基因组为中心的分析允许组装 215 个宏基因组组装基因组 (MAG)，将 ARG 和其他毒力相关基因与其宿主连接起来。有趣的是，属于埃希氏菌的 MAG（在水中明显占主导地位）比任何其他 MAG 含有更多的 ARG 和毒力因子，强调了这些致病相关群体的潜在毒力性质。最后，使用环境相关浓度的抗生素进行异地培养增加了相应 ARG 的流行率，但不同的河流区域（包括塑料球）受到每种抗生素的影响不同。我们的研究结果提供了对河流塑料圈容纳一组独特的潜在致病细菌和作为 ARG 库的能力的见解。如果塑料作为病原菌或抗逆转录病毒的储存库，其对环境的影响会因塑料的顽固性和浮力而在环境中持久存在而加剧。然而，与自然共生材料上生长的微生物组的高度相似性，以及在周围水中观察到的更令人担忧的微生物组，凸显了在评估受人为影响的生态系统中病原体和抗逆转录病毒的风险和暴露时迫切需要整合所有环境分区的分析。视频摘要 在线版本包含可在 10.1186/s40168-023-01662-3 获取的补充材料。
The widespread nature of plastic pollution has given rise to wide scientific and social concern regarding the capacity of these materials to serve as vectors for pathogenic bacteria and reservoirs for Antimicrobial Resistance Genes (ARG). In- and ex-situ incubations were used to characterise the riverine plastisphere taxonomically and functionally in order to determine whether antibiotics within the water influenced the ARG profiles in these microbiomes and how these compared to those on natural surfaces such as wood and their planktonic counterparts. We show that plastics support a taxonomically distinct microbiome containing potential pathogens and ARGs. While the plastisphere was similar to those biofilms that grew on wood, they were distinct from the surrounding water microbiome. Hence, whilst potential opportunistic pathogens (i.e. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter and Aeromonas) and ARG subtypes (i.e. those that confer resistance to macrolides/lincosamides, rifamycin, sulfonamides, disinfecting agents and glycopeptides) were predominant in all surface-related microbiomes, especially on weathered plastics, a completely different set of potential pathogens (i.e. Escherichia, Salmonella, Klebsiella and Streptococcus) and ARGs (i.e. aminoglycosides, tetracycline, aminocoumarin, fluoroquinolones, nitroimidazole, oxazolidinone and fosfomycin) dominated in the planktonic compartment. Our genome-centric analysis allowed the assembly of 215 Metagenome Assembled Genomes (MAGs), linking ARGs and other virulence-related genes to their host. Interestingly, a MAG belonging to Escherichia –that clearly predominated in water– harboured more ARGs and virulence factors than any other MAG, emphasising the potential virulent nature of these pathogenic-related groups. Finally, ex-situ incubations using environmentally-relevant concentrations of antibiotics increased the prevalence of their corresponding ARGs, but different riverine compartments –including plastispheres– were affected differently by each antibiotic. Our results provide insights into the capacity of the riverine plastisphere to harbour a distinct set of potentially pathogenic bacteria and function as a reservoir of ARGs. The environmental impact that plastics pose if they act as a reservoir for either pathogenic bacteria or ARGs is aggravated by the persistence of plastics in the environment due to their recalcitrance and buoyancy. Nevertheless, the high similarities with microbiomes growing on natural co-occurring materials and even more worrisome microbiome observed in the surrounding water highlights the urgent need to integrate the analysis of all environmental compartments when assessing risks and exposure to pathogens and ARGs in anthropogenically-impacted ecosystems. Video Abstract The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40168-023-01662-3.
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