Sex differences in cannabinoid pharmacology: a reflection of differences in the endocannabinoid system?
Sex differences in cannabinoid pharmacology: a reflection of differences in the endocannabinoid system?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.lfs.2012.06.009
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发表时间：
2013-03-19
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Wiley, Jenny L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Craft, Rebecca M.;Marusich, Julie A.;Wiley, Jenny L.
大麻是美国使用最广泛的非法药物，女性吸食大麻的人数正在上升。研究发现，女性更容易产生大麻素滥用和依赖，有更严重的戒断症状，而且比男性更容易复发。大多数对人类的研究表明，女性比男性更容易受到大麻素的影响，有报告称，女性在各种任务中的表现会有所提高或下降。在啮齿类动物中，雌性比雄性对大麻素在抗疼痛、运动活动和强化功效测试中的作用更敏感。对人类和啮齿动物在青春期接触大麻素的影响的研究表明，女性青少年比男性青少年更容易受到大麻素的有害影响。对大麻素反应的性别差异似乎是由于性腺激素的激活和组织效应，雌二醇被认为是对大麻素在成人中的两性二态效应贡献最大的激素。外源性大麻素的许多（但不是所有）两性二态效应可归因于啮齿动物的两性二态内源性大麻素系统，尽管同样的情况尚未在人类中得到证实。更深入地了解大麻素两性二态效应的机制，将有助于开发针对性别的方法来治疗大麻依赖，并在治疗上使用基于大麻素的药物。
Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the U.S., and marijuana use by women is on the rise. Women have been found to be more susceptible to the development of cannabinoid abuse and dependence, have more severe withdrawal symptoms, and are more likely to relapse than men. The majority of research in humans suggests that women are more likely to be affected by cannabinoids than men, with reports of enhanced and decreased performance on various tasks. In rodents, females are more sensitive than males to effects of cannabinoids on tests of antinociception, motor activity, and reinforcing efficacy. Studies on effects of cannabinoid exposure during adolescence in both humans and rodents suggest that female adolescents are more likely than male adolescents to be deleteriously affected by cannabinoids. Sex differences in response to cannabinoids appear to be due to activational and perhaps organizational effects of gonadal hormones, with estradiol identified as the hormone that contributes most to the sexually dimorphic effects of cannabinoids in adults. Many, but not all sexually dimorphic effects of exogenous cannabinoids can be attributed to a sexually dimorphic endocannabinoid system in rodents, although the same has not yet been established firmly for humans. A greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying sexually dimorphic effects of cannabinoids will facilitate development of sex-specific approaches to treat marijuana dependence and to use cannabinoid-based medications therapeutically.
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影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Daniel, JM;Winsauer, PJ;Moerschbaecher, JM
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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2.9
作者：
BELUE, RC;HOWLETT, AC;HUTCHINGS, DE
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
Burston, James J.;Wiley, Jenny L.;Sim-Selley, Laura J.
通讯作者：
Sim-Selley, Laura J.
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
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通讯作者：
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