Urban-Rural Inequality of Opportunity in Health Care: Evidence from China.
Urban-Rural Inequality of Opportunity in Health Care: Evidence from China.
复制标题
城乡医疗保健机会不平等：来自中国的证据
DOI：
10.3390/ijerph18157792
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发表时间：
2021-07-22
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zong Q
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ma C;Song Z;Zong Q
(1)研究背景：基于机会均等理论，对中国城乡医疗卫生机会不平等进行测度。(2)研究方法：遵循补偿原则，建立了公平差距的分解策略，并将其用于衡量城乡医疗服务利用的机会不平等。然后，我们使用中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）数据从1997年至2006年计算公平差距。(3)结果如下：使用CHNS数据进行的实证分析表明，1997-2000年，公平差距与直接观察到的城乡平均医疗保健差异的比率为1.167，2004-2006年为1.744。从原始统计数据中直接观察到的城乡平均差异可能低估了这种基本不平等的程度。(4)结论：我们的研究结果表明，提高城乡报销比例可能不足以消除城乡居民之间的医疗保健利用机会不平等。在城乡二元社会结构和城乡收入差距扩大的背景下，向有利于弱势群体的政策转变将是促进医疗保健机会平等的更有效途径。
(1) Background: We aim to measure the urban-rural inequality of opportunity in healthcare in China based on the theory of Equality of Opportunity (EOp). (2) Methods: Following the compensation principle, we establish a decomposition strategy for the fairness gap, which we use for the measurement of the inequality of opportunity in urban-rural healthcare utilization. We then use China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data from 1997 to 2006 to calculate the fairness gap. (3) Results: Empirical analysis using CHNS data shows that the ratio of the fairness gap to the directly observed average urban-rural difference in healthcare was 1.167 for 1997–2000 and 1.744 for 2004–2006. The average urban-rural difference observed directly from original statistical data may have underestimated the degree of this essential inequity. (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that upgrading urban-rural reimbursement ratios may not be sufficient in eliminating the inequality of opportunity in healthcare utilization between urban and rural residents. Within the context of an urban-rural dualistic social structure and widening of the urban-rural income gap, a shift to a pro-disadvantaged policy will be a more effective approach in promoting equality of opportunity in healthcare.
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