Asteroid impact: the potential of astrocytes to modulate human neural networks within organoids.
Asteroid impact: the potential of astrocytes to modulate human neural networks within organoids.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2023.1305921
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Krencik, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lavekar, S. S.;Patel, M. D.;Montalvo-Parra, M. D.;Krencik, R.
星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的重要细胞成分，在健康和病理状态下影响神经元功能。这包括在发育、成熟和衰老过程中传递给神经元和非神经元细胞的细胞间信号，这些信号可以调节神经网络的形成、可塑性和维持。最近，人类多能干细胞衍生的神经聚集体培养物，称为神经球或类器官，与传统方法相比，已成为基础和临床前神经科学的改进实验平台。在这里，我们总结了使用类器官的潜在能力，以进一步了解星形胶质细胞对神经网络的机制作用，包括细胞外基质成分和反应性信号线索的产生。此外，我们还讨论了类器官模型在研究神经病理学疾病的星形胶质细胞依赖性方面和测试星形胶质细胞启发的技术方面的应用。我们研究了基于类器官的实验平台的缺点，以及尖端神经工程技术所带来的合理改进。这些进展预计将使改进的诊断策略和高通量翻译应用程序的神经再生的发展。
Astrocytes are a vital cellular component of the central nervous system that impact neuronal function in both healthy and pathological states. This includes intercellular signals to neurons and non-neuronal cells during development, maturation, and aging that can modulate neural network formation, plasticity, and maintenance. Recently, human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural aggregate cultures, known as neurospheres or organoids, have emerged as improved experimental platforms for basic and pre-clinical neuroscience compared to traditional approaches. Here, we summarize the potential capability of using organoids to further understand the mechanistic role of astrocytes upon neural networks, including the production of extracellular matrix components and reactive signaling cues. Additionally, we discuss the application of organoid models to investigate the astrocyte-dependent aspects of neuropathological diseases and to test astrocyte-inspired technologies. We examine the shortcomings of organoid-based experimental platforms and plausible improvements made possible by cutting-edge neuroengineering technologies. These advancements are expected to enable the development of improved diagnostic strategies and high-throughput translational applications regarding neuroregeneration.
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