Fragmentation of the habitat of wild ungulates by anthropogenic barriers in Mongolia.
Fragmentation of the habitat of wild ungulates by anthropogenic barriers in Mongolia.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0056995
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Chimeddorj B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ito TY;Lhagvasuren B;Tsunekawa A;Shinoda M;Takatsuki S;Buuveibaatar B;Chimeddorj B
人类活动造成的生境丧失和生境破碎化是制约有蹄类动物长距离迁徙的主要因素。蒙古的蒙古瞪羚（Procapra gutturosa）和亚洲野驴（Equus hemionus）正面临栖息地破碎和丧失的问题。为了更好地了解它们的运动如何应对潜在的人为和自然障碍，我们在2002年至2012年期间跟踪了乌兰巴托-北京铁路附近的24只蒙古瞪羚和12头野驴，以及蒙古和中国之间的围栏国际边界。尽管在研究开始时在轨道两侧都捕获了瞪羚，但没有一只被追踪的瞪羚穿过铁路。同样，我们也没有观察到蒙古和中国之间的跨境移动，即使一些动物使用边境附近的地区。这两个物种在冬季比夏季更频繁地使用靠近人为障碍的区域。这些结果表明人工屏障的强烈影响。因此，修建新的铁路和公路以允许采矿和其他资源开发，造成生境进一步破碎的威胁，因为规划的路线将把有蹄类动物剩余的未破碎的生境分割成更小的块。为了保护这一地区有蹄类动物的长距离移动，必须消除或减轻现有和计划修建的公路和铁路的障碍影响，并采取一种平级办法，使有蹄类动物能够在其分布的整个范围内广泛活动。
Habitat loss and habitat fragmentation caused by anthropogenic activities are the main factors that constrain long-distance movement of ungulates. Mongolian gazelles (Procapra gutturosa) and Asiatic wild asses (Equus hemionus) in Mongolia are facing habitat fragmentation and loss. To better understand how their movements respond to potential anthropogenic and natural barriers, we tracked 24 Mongolian gazelles and 12 wild asses near the Ulaanbaatar–Beijing Railroad and the fenced international border between Mongolia and China between 2002 and 2012. None of the tracked gazelles crossed the railroad, even though gazelles were captured on both sides of the tracks at the start of the study. Similarly, we did not observe cross-border movements between Mongolia and China for either species, even though some animals used areas adjacent to the border. The both species used close areas to the anthropogenic barriers more frequently during winter than summer. These results suggest strong impacts by the artificial barriers. The construction of new railroads and roads to permit mining and other resource development therefore creates the threat of further habitat fragmentation, because the planned routes will divide the remaining non-fragmented habitats of the ungulates into smaller pieces. To conserve long-distance movement of the ungulates in this area, it will be necessary to remove or mitigate the barrier effects of the existing and planned roads and railroads and to adopt a landscape-level approach to allow access by ungulates to wide ranges throughout their distribution.
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