Exosomes and Their Role in the Life Cycle and Pathogenesis of RNA Viruses.
Exosomes and Their Role in the Life Cycle and Pathogenesis of RNA Viruses.
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DOI：
10.3390/v7062770
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发表时间：
2015-06-19
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Casola A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chahar HS;Bao X;Casola A
外泌体是主动释放到细胞外空间的膜封闭囊泡，其内容反映了其来源细胞的生理/病理状态。这些囊泡参与细胞间通讯以及生物活性蛋白质、脂质和 RNA 的转移。它们在病毒感染中的作用才刚刚开始受到重视。 RNA 病毒是一类重要的病原体，影响着全世界数百万人。最近对人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）、人类T细胞淋巴细胞病毒（HTLV）和登革热病毒（DENV）的研究表明，受感染细胞释放的外泌体包含并向邻近细胞传递许多调节因子，包括病毒RNA和蛋白质、病毒和细胞miRNA以及其他宿主功能性遗传元件，有助于建立高效的免疫系统。 感染和调节细胞反应。根据病原体和靶细胞的类型，外泌体可以传播或限制感染，并且可以用作开发抗病毒或疫苗治疗的候选药物。这篇综述总结了在理解外泌体在 RNA 病毒感染中的作用方面取得的最新进展，重点是它们对发病机制的潜在贡献。
Exosomes are membrane-enclosed vesicles actively released into the extracellular space, whose content reflect the physiological/pathological state of the cells they originate from. These vesicles participate in cell-to-cell communication and transfer of biologically active proteins, lipids, and RNAs. Their role in viral infections is just beginning to be appreciated. RNA viruses are an important class of pathogens and affect millions of people worldwide. Recent studies on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), and Dengue Virus (DENV) have demonstrated that exosomes released from infected cells harbor and deliver many regulatory factors including viral RNA and proteins, viral and cellular miRNA, and other host functional genetic elements to neighboring cells, helping to establish productive infections and modulating cellular responses. Exosomes can either spread or limit an infection depending on the type of pathogen and target cells, and can be exploited as candidates for development of antiviral or vaccine treatments. This review summarizes recent progress made in understanding the role of exosomes in RNA virus infections with an emphasis on their potential contribution to pathogenesis.
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