Genetic determinants of HIV-1 infection and its manifestations.
Genetic determinants of HIV-1 infection and its manifestations.
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HIV-1 感染及其表现的遗传决定因素。
DOI：
10.1046/j.1525-1381.1999.99238.x
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
McNicholl,JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaslow,RA;McNicholl,JM
人类免疫缺陷病毒1型（HIV-1）在一代人的时间内就已成为流行病，它遇到了一种免疫系统，其中遗传编码元件在不同人群中的不同环境压力下逐渐进化。在根据病毒暴露强度、病毒亚型特征以及感染发作和病程仔细定义的队列中，发现了改变HIV-1感染易感性或免疫力恶化速率或两者的基因的重要遗传差异。对于高度多态性的人类白细胞抗原（HLA）抗原加工和呈递系统，多个相互作用的HLA标志物组合（主要在I类途径中）的微小贡献显著调节HIV-1感染过程的原理现已在几组独立评估的患者中得到证实。HLA基因的变异体也可能在通过各种传播途径获得感染中发挥某种作用。一组精心设计的循环趋化因子分子及其细胞表面受体的基因清楚地调节HIV的细胞附着和渗透。CCR 5基因的某些等位基因形式改变了对感染的易感性和疾病进展的速度;在纯合子状态下，缺失形式（Δ32 CCR 5）强烈地保护免受感染，并且在感染的杂合子中，它在一定程度上减缓了疾病进程。其他趋化因子系统成分的基因突变进一步区分了对感染的反应，这些形式的频率在种族之间和种族内各不相同。将其他遗传标记与艾滋病毒感染或疾病联系起来的工作还处于早期阶段。要剖析复杂基因系统中多种变异的影响，显然需要在比通常组装的群体大得多的群体中采用有组织的综合方法。
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1), which has become pandemic within a single generation, has encountered an immune system in which genetically encoded elements have evolved gradually under different environmental pressures in diverse populations. Important heritable differences in genes that alter susceptibility to HIV‐1 infection or the rate of deterioration of immunity, or both, have been discovered in cohorts carefully defined for intensity of exposure to the virus, viral subtype characteristics, and onset and course of infection. For the highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigen processing and presenting system, the principle that small contributions of multiple interactive HLA marker combinations (primarily in the class I pathway) significantly modulate the course of HIV‐1 infection has now been confirmed in several independently evaluated groups of patients. Variants of HLA genes probably also play some role in the acquisition of infection by the various routes of transmission. Genes for an elaborate set of circulating chemokine molecules and their cell‐surface receptors clearly regulate cell attachment and penetration of HIV. Certain allelic forms of one, the CCR5 gene, alter susceptibility to infection and the rate of progression of disease; in the homozygous state, a deleted form (Δ32 CCR5) strongly protects against infection, and in infected heterozygotes, it slows the disease process somewhat. Mutants in genes of other chemokine system components further differentiate the response to infection, and frequencies of these forms vary between and within races. Work relating additional genetic markers to HIV infection or disease is at earlier stages. Dissecting the effects of multiple variants in complex gene systems will clearly require organized comprehensive approaches in considerably larger populations than have typically been assembled.
心脏在健康和疾病中的生长
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. Zak
通讯作者：
R. Zak
《心脏在健康和疾病中的生长》，Radovan Zak Raven Press 编辑，纽约（1984 年）480 页，带插图，79.00 美元 ISBN：0‐89004‐734‐0
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
W. Hort
通讯作者：
W. Hort