Pseudotachylyte in muscovite-bearing quartzite: Coseismic friction-induced melting and plastic deformation of quartz

Pseudotachylyte in muscovite-bearing quartzite: Coseismic friction-induced melting and plastic deformation of quartz
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含白云母石英岩中的假速晶石:同震摩擦引起的石英熔化和塑性变形

DOI:
10.1016/j.jsg.2010.10.009
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发表时间:
2011
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
de Wall
de Wall
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bestmann;Pennacchioni;Göken;de Wall

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薄的(0.5-2 mm厚)假玄武玻璃脉出现在施内贝格正断层带(意大利南蒂罗尔的奥阿尔卑斯山)的含白云母(体积的10%)角闪岩相石英岩中。假玄武玻璃与前体局部塑性微剪切带(50-150 μm厚)有关,这些剪切带与主岩面理近平行,共轭岩组与面理成高角度。这种微剪切带的特征是重结晶为超细晶(1-2 μm粒度)的石英镶嵌聚集体,显示出从主控制向剪切带内部的随机晶体学择优取向的转变。随后的同震滑动主要利用这些微剪切带。显微结构分析提供了证据,广泛的摩擦引起的熔融白云母轴承石英岩,产生双峰熔体组合物。首先,主岩白云母完全熔融,随后结晶,主要是钾长石。约60%体积的超细石英在熔融腐蚀的石英碎屑周围熔融结晶为球晶边缘(主要由石英± Ti ± Fe组成)。这两种熔体在主要的注入脉中显示出不可渗透性结构,这些脉与石英岩面理呈高角度,利用微剪切带。相反,它们在沿着主断层脉流动期间机械混合。
Thin (0.5–2 mm thick) pseudotachylyte veins occur within muscovite-bearing (∼10% volume), amphibolite-facies quartzites of the Schneeberg Normal Fault Zone (Austroalpine, Southern Tyrol, Italy). Pseudotachylytes are associated with precursor localized plastic microshear zones (50–150 μm thick) developed sub-parallel to the host-rock foliation and with conjugate sets oriented at a high angle to the foliation. Such microshear zones are characterized by recrystallization to ultrafine-grained (1–2 μm grain size) mosaic aggregates of quartz showing a transition from a host-controlled to a random crystallographic preferred orientation towards the shear zone interior. Subsequent coseismic slip mainly exploited these microshear zones. Microstructural analysis provides evidence of extensive friction-induced melting of the muscovite-bearing quartzite, producing a bimodal melt composition. First, the host-rock muscovite was completely melted and subsequently crystallized, mainly as K-feldspar. Then, about 60% volume of the ultrafine-grained quartz underwent melting and crystallized as spherulitic rims (mostly consisting of quartz ± Ti ± Fe) around melt-corroded quartz clasts. The two melts show immiscibility structures in the major injection veins exploiting microshear zones at high angles to the quartzite foliation. In contrast, they were mechanically mixed during flow along the main fault veins.
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