Germ cell depletion from mammalian ovary: possible involvement of apoptosis and autophagy.
Germ cell depletion from mammalian ovary: possible involvement of apoptosis and autophagy.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12929-018-0438-0
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发表时间：
2018-04-23
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
Chaube SK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yadav PK;Tiwari M;Gupta A;Sharma A;Prasad S;Pandey AN;Chaube SK
哺乳动物的卵巢在胚胎期含有数以百万计的生殖细胞，但只有少数生殖细胞在排卵前达到减数分裂能力。大多数生殖细胞通过几种途径从卵巢中消耗。卵泡闭锁是通过程序性细胞死亡的凋亡和非凋亡途径从卵巢中清除生殖细胞的主要事件之一。细胞凋亡的特征是几种形态学变化，包括细胞皱缩，核浓缩，膜起泡和细胞质碎片的线粒体以及死亡受体介导的途径在环绕颗粒细胞和卵母细胞。虽然坏死性凋亡与生殖细胞耗竭有关，但自噬似乎在卵泡的生死决定中起着积极作用。自噬的形态学特征是细胞内膜的重组和吞噬大量细胞质以及细胞器的自噬小泡的数量增加。自噬开始于细胞质成分包封在被称为自噬体的膜囊中。自噬囊泡然后被溶酶体酶如水解酶破坏，导致卵泡闭锁。细胞凋亡和自噬在卵巢生殖细胞耗竭过程中可能起着积极作用。因此，重要的是要防止这两种途径，以保留生殖细胞在卵巢中的几个哺乳动物物种，无论是威胁或濒临灭绝。本文综述了细胞凋亡和自噬在哺乳动物卵巢生殖细胞耗竭中的作用，并提出了可能的途径。
Mammalian ovary contains millions of germ cells during embryonic life but only few of them are culminated into oocytes that achieve meiotic competency just prior to ovulation. The majority of germ cells are depleted from ovary through several pathways. Follicular atresia is one of the major events that eliminate germ cells from ovary by engaging apoptotic as well as non-apoptotic pathways of programmed cell death. Apoptosis is characterized by several morphological changes that include cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, membrane blebbing and cytoplasmic fragmentation by both mitochondria- as well as death receptor-mediated pathways in encircling granulosa cells and oocyte. Although necroapoptosis have been implicated in germ cell depletion, autophagy seems to play an active role in the life and death decisions of ovarian follicles. Autophagy is morphologically characterized by intracellular reorganization of membranes and increased number of autophagic vesicles that engulf bulk cytoplasm as well as organelles. Autophagy begins with the encapsulation of cytoplasmic constituents in a membrane sac known as autophagosomes. The autophagic vesicles are then destroyed by the lysosomal enzymes such as hydrolases that results in follicular atresia. It seems that apoptosis as well as autophagy could play active roles in germ cells depletion from ovary. Hence, it is important to prevent these two pathways in order to retain the germ cells in ovary of several mammalian species that are either threatened or at the verge of extinction. The involvement of apoptosis and autophagy in germ cell depletion from mammalian ovary is reviewed and possible pathways have been proposed.
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AMP激活的蛋白激酶对ULK1（HATG1）的磷酸化将能量传感连接到线粒体。
DOI：
10.1126/science.1196371
发表时间：
2011-01-28
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Egan DF;Shackelford DB;Mihaylova MM;Gelino S;Kohnz RA;Mair W;Vasquez DS;Joshi A;Gwinn DM;Taylor R;Asara JM;Fitzpatrick J;Dillin A;Viollet B;Kundu M;Hansen M;Shaw RJ
通讯作者：
Shaw RJ
影响因子：
4
作者：
De Felici, M;Klinger, FG;Lobascio, M
通讯作者：
Lobascio, M
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Bang, Soyoung;Shin, Hyejin;Lim, Hyunjung Jade
通讯作者：
Lim, Hyunjung Jade
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Barrett, Susan L.;Albertini, David F.
通讯作者：
Albertini, David F.
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Boone, DL;Tsang, BK
通讯作者：
Tsang, BK