Tropical bats counter heat by combining torpor with adaptive hyperthermia

Tropical bats counter heat by combining torpor with adaptive hyperthermia
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热带蝙蝠通过将麻木状态与适应性高温相结合来对抗热量

DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2020.2059
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Dausmann KH
Dausmann KH
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Reher S ;Dausmann KH

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许多热带哺乳动物对热很脆弱,因为它们的水预算限制了蒸发冷却用于热补偿的使用。进一步增加的温度和干燥度可能会超过它们的体温调节能力。在这里,我们描述了两种新的模式的麻木,通常与冷或资源瓶颈的反应,作为有效的机制来对抗热量。我们进行了一项实地研究的马达加斯加batMacronycteris batronioniresting在树叶在炎热的季节,不受极端环境的影响。在温暖的日子里,蝙蝠在几分钟内在非常短的微麻痹和正常的休息代谢之间交替。在炎热的日子里,蝙蝠在一天中最热的时候延长了它们的麻木期,同时忍受高达42.9°C的体温。自适应热疗结合降低代谢产热从麻木允许更高的热量存储从环境中,否定了蒸发冷却的需要,从而提高耐热性。然而,这是一种高风险反应,因为如果环境温度升高到临界/致命阈值以上,迟钝的蝙蝠就无法保护体温。麻痹加上高温和微麻痹发作拓宽了我们对热生理学基本原理的理解,并展示了哺乳动物如何在越来越温暖的世界中接近其上限温度。
Many tropical mammals are vulnerable to heat because their water budget limits the use of evaporative cooling for heat compensation. Further increasing temperatures and aridity might consequently exceed their thermoregulatory capacities. Here, we describe two novel modes of torpor, a response usually associated with cold or resource bottlenecks, as efficient mechanisms to counter heat. We conducted a field study on the Malagasy batMacronycteris commersoniresting in foliage during the hot season, unprotected from environmental extremes. On warm days, the bats alternated between remarkably short micro-torpor bouts and normal resting metabolism within a few minutes. On hot days, the bats extended their torpor bouts over the hottest time of the day while tolerating body temperatures up to 42.9°C. Adaptive hyperthermia combined with lowered metabolic heat production from torpor allows higher heat storage from the environment, negates the need for evaporative cooling and thus increases heat tolerance. However, it is a high-risk response as the torpid bats cannot defend body temperature if ambient temperature increases above a critical/lethal threshold. Torpor coupled with hyperthermia and micro-torpor bouts broaden our understanding of the basic principles of thermal physiology and demonstrate how mammals can perform near their upper thermal limits in an increasingly warmer world.
不同环境中蝙蝠的耗氧量、温度和失水量。
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