Prioritizing Stream Barrier Removal to Maximize Connected Aquatic Habitat and Minimize Water Scarcity

Prioritizing Stream Barrier Removal to Maximize Connected Aquatic Habitat and Minimize Water Scarcity
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优先考虑清除溪流屏障,以最大限度地扩大相连的水生栖息地并最大限度地减少水资源短缺

DOI:
10.1111/1752-1688.12718
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Null, Sarah E.
Null, Sarah E.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kraft, Maggi;Rosenberg, David E.;Null, Sarah E.

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河流屏障,如堤坝、涵洞和改道,改变了水文过程和水生生物的栖息地。拆除不经济和老化的河流屏障越来越多地被用于河流恢复。在历史上,障碍清除项目的选择使用评分和排名技术,忽略了累积变化和河流网络的空间结构。同样,大多数供水模型要么优先考虑人类用水,要么优先考虑水生生境,未能同时考虑人类和环境用水的好处。在这里,一个双目标优化模型确定了消除障碍,以最大限度地增加相连的水生栖息地和最大限度地减少水资源短缺。水生生境的测量使用月平均径流量、温度、河道坡度和地貌条件作为水生生境适宜性的指标。使用经济惩罚函数将缺水成本降至最低,而预算限制规定了可用于消除障碍的资金。我们使用犹他州韦伯盆地的一个案例研究来演示该方法,以优先清除波纳维尔割喉鲑鱼的河流障碍,同时保持人类用水。拆除54个河流屏障,重新连接约160公里的质量加权生境,耗资约1000万美元。在这一点之后,拆除屏障以连接河流生境的成本效益下降。该建模方法通过明确考虑经济用水和环境用水,扩展了障碍物清除优化方法。
Instream barriers, such as dams, culverts, and diversions, alter hydrologic processes and aquatic habitat. Removing uneconomical and aging instream barriers is increasingly used for river restoration. Historically, selection of barrier removal projects used score‐and‐rank techniques, ignoring cumulative change and the spatial structure of stream networks. Likewise, most water supply models prioritize either human water uses or aquatic habitat, failing to incorporate both human and environmental water use benefits. Here, a dual‐objective optimization model identifies barriers to remove that maximize connected aquatic habitat and minimize water scarcity. Aquatic habitat is measured using monthly average streamflow, temperature, channel gradient, and geomorphic condition as indicators of aquatic habitat suitability. Water scarcity costs are minimized using economic penalty functions while a budget constraint specifies the money available to remove barriers. We demonstrate the approach using a case study in Utah's Weber Basin to prioritize removal of instream barriers for Bonneville cutthroat trout, while maintaining human water uses. Removing 54 instream barriers reconnects about 160 km of quality‐weighted habitat and costs approximately US$10 M. After this point, the cost‐effectiveness of removing barriers to connect river habitat decreases. The modeling approach expands barrier removal optimization methods by explicitly including both economic and environmental water uses.
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