Genome-wide crossover distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana meiosis reveals sex-specific patterns along chromosomes.
Genome-wide crossover distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana meiosis reveals sex-specific patterns along chromosomes.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1002354
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发表时间：
2011-11
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Mézard C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giraut L;Falque M;Drouaud J;Pereira L;Martin OC;Mézard C
在大多数物种中，交叉（CO）对于第一次减数分裂时同源染色体的准确分离至关重要。它们的数量和位置受到严格控制。在这里，我们报告了拟南芥雄性和雌性减数分裂中 CO 的速率和定位的详细全基因组特征。我们观察到雄性和雌性减数分裂之间的显着差异，其中包括：（i）遗传图谱长度；分别为 575 cM 和 332 cM； (ii) CO分布模式：男性每条染色体两端的CO比率非常高，而女性CO比率非常低； (iii) CO率与各种染色体特征之间的相关性：女性CO率与GC含量和基因密度呈强负相关，但与转座元件(TE)密度呈正相关，而男性CO率与CpG比率呈正相关。然而，除了 CpG 之外，这些相关性可以通过这些序列沿着拟南芥染色体的不均匀重新分配来解释。对于雄性和雌性减数分裂，每条染色体的 CO 数量与以碱基对或联会复合体长度表示的染色体大小相关。最后，我们发现干扰可以调节雄性和雌性减数分裂中的二氧化碳分布。同源染色体之间遗传物质的相互交换（交叉）确保它们正确分离以产生配子。它们的数量和沿染色体的位置受到严格控制。我们精确定位了 3,000 多种拟南芥植物中 13,535 个交叉的位置。虽然拟南芥是雌雄同体植物，雄性和雌性减数分裂发生在同一朵花中，因此具有相同的基因组，但我们观察到雄性和雌性减数分裂中沿染色体的分布和交叉率存在显着差异。平均而言，男性减数分裂中的染色体重组次数是女性的 1.7 倍。此外，男性每条染色体两端的CO比率都非常高，而女性CO比率非常低。最后，我们首次在真核生物中证明，CO 率与各种染色体特征之间的相关性在雄性和雌性减数分裂中有所不同。雌性 CO 率与 GC 含量和基因密度呈强负相关，但与转座元件密度呈正相关，而雄性 CO 率与 CpG 比率呈正相关。然而，大多数相关性可以通过拟南芥基因组的结构来解释。
In most species, crossovers (COs) are essential for the accurate segregation of homologous chromosomes at the first meiotic division. Their number and location are tightly regulated. Here, we report a detailed, genome-wide characterization of the rate and localization of COs in Arabidopsis thaliana, in male and female meiosis. We observed dramatic differences between male and female meiosis which included: (i) genetic map length; 575 cM versus 332 cM respectively; (ii) CO distribution patterns: male CO rates were very high at both ends of each chromosome, whereas female CO rates were very low; (iii) correlations between CO rates and various chromosome features: female CO rates correlated strongly and negatively with GC content and gene density but positively with transposable elements (TEs) density, whereas male CO rates correlated positively with the CpG ratio. However, except for CpG, the correlations could be explained by the unequal repartition of these sequences along the Arabidopsis chromosome. For both male and female meiosis, the number of COs per chromosome correlates with chromosome size expressed either in base pairs or as synaptonemal complex length. Finally, we show that interference modulates the CO distribution both in male and female meiosis. Reciprocal exchanges of genetic material (crossovers) between homologous chromosomes ensure their proper segregation to generate gametes. Their number and location along chromosomes are tightly regulated. We localized precisely the position of 13,535 crossovers in more than 3,000 plants of Arabidopsis thaliana. While A. thaliana is a hermaphrodite plant with male and female meiosis occurring in the same flower and thus with the same genome, we observed dramatic differences in the distribution and the rate of crossovers along chromosomes in male and female meiosis. On average, chromosomes recombine 1.7 times more in male than in female meiosis. Moreover, male CO rates are very high at both ends of each chromosome, whereas female CO rates are very low. Finally, for the first time in a eukaryote, we show that the correlations between CO rates and various chromosome features differ in male and female meiosis. Female CO rates correlated strongly and negatively with GC content and gene density but positively with transposable elements density, whereas male CO rates correlated positively with the CpG ratio. However, most of the correlations could be explained by the structure of the Arabidopsis genome.
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