The 1995 Kikwit Ebola outbreak: lessons hospitals and physicians can apply to future viral epidemics.
The 1995 Kikwit Ebola outbreak: lessons hospitals and physicians can apply to future viral epidemics.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.05.003
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发表时间：
2008-09
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Chapman MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hall RC;Hall RC;Chapman MJ
本文着眼于从1995年基奎特埃博拉疫情中吸取的教训，并建议现代医院应如何将这些教训应用于下一次发生的致命病毒流行病。1995年在刚果民主共和国（原扎伊尔）爆发的基奎特埃博拉疫情是迄今为止研究最充分的流行病之一。从查明、控制和治疗这一流行病中吸取的许多经验教训适用于今后的病毒爆发、自然灾害和生物恐怖主义袭击。这是由于埃博拉病毒的高传染性和高死亡率。当疫情发生时，它往往会在社区中产生恐惧，并导致医学的基本实践发生变化。在基奎特看到的变化包括有限的体检，不愿给予静脉注射药物和关闭支持医院设施。Kikwit埃博拉疫情还提供了有益的心理洞察，了解患者，工作人员和一般社区如何应对生物危机，以及这将如何影响在流行病中工作的医生。从疫情中汲取的一般性教训包括：必须有简单、明确的分诊程序;工作人员要灵活，能够适应未知情况;必须保护工作人员的身心，以确保持续努力提供护理。
This article looks at lessons learned from the 1995 Kikwit Ebola outbreak and suggests how modern hospitals should apply these lessons to the next lethal viral epidemic that occurs. The 1995 Kikwit Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formally Zaire) is one of the most well studied epidemics to have occurred to date. Many of the lessons learned from identifying, containing and treating that epidemic are applicable to future viral outbreaks, natural disasters and bioterrorist attacks. This is due to Ebola's highly contagious nature and high mortality rate. When an outbreak occurs, it often produces fear in the community and causes the basic practice of medicine to be altered. Changes seen at Kikwit included limited physical examinations, hesitance to give intravenous medications and closure of supporting hospital facilities. The Kikwit Ebola outbreak also provided beneficial psychological insight into how patients, staff and the general community respond to a biological crisis and how this will affect physicians working in an epidemic. General lessons from the outbreak include the importance of having simple, well-defined triage procedures; staff who are flexible and able to adapt to situations with unknowns; and the need to protect staff physically and emotionally to ensure a sustained effort to provide care.
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