RPS4Y gene family evolution in primates.

RPS4Y gene family evolution in primates.
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DOI:
10.1186/1471-2148-8-142
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发表时间:
2008-05-13
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Bosch M
Bosch M
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Andrés O;Kellermann T;López-Giráldez F;Rozas J;Domingo-Roura X;Bosch M

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RPS4基因编码核糖体蛋白S4,这是一种非常保守的蛋白,存在于所有王国。在灵长类动物中,RPS4是由位于性染色体上的两个功能基因编码的:RPS4X和RPS4Y基因。在人类中,RPS4Y是重复的,因此Y染色体携带了第三个功能平行体:RPS4Y2,它呈现出睾丸特异性表达模式。对覆盖整个灵长类系统发育的物种的RPS4Y基因内含子和cDNA区域的DNA序列分析表明,导致第二个y连锁复制的复制事件发生在大约3500万年前新世界猴的分化之后。同义置换和非同义置换的最大似然分析表明,人类谱系中的RPS4Y2基因发生了正选择,这是核糖体蛋白基因发生正选择的第一个证据。假设的阳性氨基酸替换影响了蛋白质的三个结构域:其中一个变化位于KOW蛋白结构域,并影响了该基序的独特不变位置,从而可能对蛋白质功能产生巨大影响。本研究对RPS4Y基因家族,特别是RPS4Y2基因家族的进化史有了新的认识。结果表明,RPS4Y1基因可能是为了补偿性别间的基因剂量而维持的,而RPS4Y2可能获得了一种新的功能,至少在进化为人类的谱系中是这样。
The RPS4 gene codifies for ribosomal protein S4, a very well-conserved protein present in all kingdoms. In primates, RPS4 is codified by two functional genes located on both sex chromosomes: the RPS4X and RPS4Y genes. In humans, RPS4Y is duplicated and the Y chromosome therefore carries a third functional paralog: RPS4Y2, which presents a testis-specific expression pattern. DNA sequence analysis of the intronic and cDNA regions of RPS4Y genes from species covering the entire primate phylogeny showed that the duplication event leading to the second Y-linked copy occurred after the divergence of New World monkeys, about 35 million years ago. Maximum likelihood analyses of the synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions revealed that positive selection was acting on RPS4Y2 gene in the human lineage, which represents the first evidence of positive selection on a ribosomal protein gene. Putative positive amino acid replacements affected the three domains of the protein: one of these changes is located in the KOW protein domain and affects the unique invariable position of this motif, and might thus have a dramatic effect on the protein function. Here, we shed new light on the evolutionary history of RPS4Y gene family, especially on that of RPS4Y2. The results point that the RPS4Y1 gene might be maintained to compensate gene dosage between sexes, while RPS4Y2 might have acquired a new function, at least in the lineage leading to humans.
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