Innate immune regulation in HIV latency models.

Innate immune regulation in HIV latency models.
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DOI:
10.1186/s12977-022-00599-z
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发表时间:
2022-07-08
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学2区
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--
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先天免疫和1型干扰素(IFN)防御对于CD4 + T细胞内HIV感染的早期控制至关重要。尽管有这些防御,一些急性感染的细胞沉默病毒转录成为潜伏感染并在体内形成HIV库。潜伏感染的细胞通过抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)持续存在,是艾滋病毒治愈的主要障碍。在这里,我们评估了多种HIV潜伏期T细胞模型中的先天免疫和IFN反应,包括已建立的潜伏细胞系、潜伏感染报告病毒的Jurkat细胞和病毒学抑制的原发CD4 + T细胞模型。我们发现,虽然潜伏感染的T细胞系具有功能性RNA传感和IFN信号通路,但它们无法诱导特异性干扰素刺激基因(ISGs)来响应先天免疫激活或1型IFN治疗。潜伏感染荧光报告病毒HIV的Jurkat细胞同样表现出对1型IFN的减弱反应。利用大体积和单细胞RNA测序,我们应用了功能基因组学方法,定义了潜伏性HIV感染中ISG的表达动态,包括HIV感染的art抑制的原发CD4 + T细胞。我们的观察结果表明,HIV潜伏期和病毒抑制在特异性ISG诱导中都与细胞内在缺陷有关。我们确定了一组isg作为潜伏期限制因子,其表达和功能可能会减轻潜伏性HIV感染的建立。在线版本包含补充材料,可在10.1186/s12977-022-00599-z获得。
Innate immunity and type 1 interferon (IFN) defenses are critical for early control of HIV infection within CD4 + T cells. Despite these defenses, some acutely infected cells silence viral transcription to become latently infected and form the HIV reservoir in vivo. Latently infected cells persist through antiretroviral therapy (ART) and are a major barrier to HIV cure. Here, we evaluated innate immunity and IFN responses in multiple T cell models of HIV latency, including established latent cell lines, Jurkat cells latently infected with a reporter virus, and a primary CD4 + T cell model of virologic suppression. We found that while latently infected T cell lines have functional RNA sensing and IFN signaling pathways, they fail to induce specific interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in response to innate immune activation or type 1 IFN treatment. Jurkat cells latently infected with a fluorescent reporter HIV similarly demonstrate attenuated responses to type 1 IFN. Using bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing we applied a functional genomics approach and define ISG expression dynamics in latent HIV infection, including HIV-infected ART-suppressed primary CD4 + T cells. Our observations indicate that HIV latency and viral suppression each link with cell-intrinsic defects in specific ISG induction. We identify a set of ISGs for consideration as latency restriction factors whose expression and function could possibly mitigate establishing latent HIV infection. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12977-022-00599-z.
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