Simulation for Performance and Training.
Simulation for Performance and Training.
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性能和训练模拟。
DOI：
10.1017/cbo9780511816796.014
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
P. Hancock
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Ward;A. Williams;P. Hancock
关键词：模拟，专家表现，培训，技能获取，航空，运动，外科。引言许多方法已被用来研究专家。传统上，研究人员将性能分解为组成部分，以隔离基本的潜在机制。虽然这提供了实验控制，任务简化和使用新的和人工的任务是对立的再现“现实世界”的需求所面临的实际领域的专家。改变所调查现象的性质可能导致减少，如果不是消除，专家的优势。认知人类学家（见Clancey，第8章）和自然主义决策研究者（见Ross等人，另一方面，第23章）认为，审查专门知识的最有用的方法是捕捉在“自然”环境中发生的绩效。然而，批评者声称，尽管这种类型的方法允许描述“真实世界”的表现，但对于潜在的认知过程（例如，Yates，2001）。Becommer和Dorner（1993）得出结论，现场检查可能无法得出任何明确的结论，而实验室任务往往过于简单，无法得出任何感兴趣的结论。这使我们处于令人反感的境地，即有趣的东西没有得到解释，而被解释的东西并不有趣。各种形式的模拟可能是一个很好的折衷办法。可能的模拟环境的范围和类型是巨大的。有些被称为计算机辅助虚拟环境（CAVE）系统。其他包括复杂系统的高保真模拟（例如，
Keywords: Simulation, Expert Performance, Training, Skill Acquisition, Aviation, Sport, Surgery. Introduction Many methods have been used to study experts. Traditionally, researchers have dissected performance into its constituent parts to isolate basic underlying mechanisms. Although this provides experimental control, task simplification and the use of novel and artificial tasks are antithetical to reproducing the “real-world” demands faced by actual domain experts. Changing the nature of the phenomenon under investigation may lead to a reduction, if not eradication, of the expert advantage. Cognitive anthropologists (see Clancey, Chapter 8) and Naturalistic Decision Making researchers (see Ross et al., Chapter 23), on the other hand, have argued that the most useful method of examining expertise is to capture performance as it occurs in the “natural” environment. However, critics have claimed that although this type of approach allows “real-world” performance to be described, only minimal explanation is possible with regard to the underlying cognitive processes (e.g., Yates, 2001). Brehmer and Dorner (1993) concluded that field examination may not permit any definite conclusions to be drawn, whereas laboratory tasks are often too simplistic to reach any conclusions of interest. This leaves us in the invidious position that what is interesting is not explained and what is explained is not interesting. Simulation in its many guises may offer an excellent compromise. The range and type of possible simulation environments is vast. Some are referred to as Computer-Aided Virtual Environment (CAVE) systems. Others include high fidelity simulations of complex systems (e.g.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
KINTSCH, W
通讯作者：
KINTSCH, W