Screen time use in children under 3 years old: a systematic review of correlates.
Screen time use in children under 3 years old: a systematic review of correlates.
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DOI：
10.1186/1479-5868-10-102
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发表时间：
2013-08-23
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Harrington A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duch H;Fisher EM;Ensari I;Harrington A
很大比例（68%）的3岁以下儿童每天使用屏幕媒体，如电视、dvd和视频游戏。研究表明，幼儿看屏幕时间的增加与负面健康结果有关，包括体重指数增加、认知和语言发展下降以及学业成绩下降。对幼儿屏幕时间相关因素的评论包括学龄前儿童和7岁以下儿童；然而，没有人专门关注婴幼儿之间的相关性。研究表明，随着年龄的增长，屏幕媒体的使用会增加，因此检查早期媒体接触的相关性对于减少以后的接触至关重要。因此，本文系统地回顾了1999年1月至2013年1月期间发表的关于0至36个月大儿童屏幕时间相关性的文献。本综述采用了两种方法：(1)计算机检索数据库（PubMed、PsycINFO、ERIC、Medline）；(2)现有综述和初步研究的参考部分。纳入标准为：(1)文章包含36个月及以下儿童的单独数据，(2)英语语言，(3)同行评议文章，(4)将屏幕观看作为因变量的分析报告，(5)原创研究文章，(6)检查屏幕时间与其他人口统计学，上下文或行为变量之间的相关性或相关性。文章在2011年至2013年之间编写，评估在2012年至2013年进行。文献检索确定了29项符合纳入标准的研究。这些研究共调查了33个潜在的相关因素，在本综述中进行了研究。研究结果表明，与婴幼儿屏幕时间过长最相关的人口统计变量是儿童年龄（较大）和种族/民族（少数民族）。儿童的身体质量指数、母亲的痛苦/抑郁、母亲看电视的时间和家庭环境中的认知刺激也与屏幕媒体的使用有关。研究报告称，0-36个月儿童的屏幕时间与儿童性别、第一胎身份、父亲教育程度、非英语家庭、双亲家庭、家中子女数量和非父母照顾无关。母亲年龄、母亲受教育程度和家庭收入之间的关联尚不清楚（不到60%的研究报告存在关联）。其余的相关因素在少于三个研究中被调查，因此没有被编码为一种关联。本研究确定的相关因素指出了减少幼儿屏幕使用时间的干预途径。然而，需要进一步的研究来探索在这一人群中尚未得到充分研究的一些环境、社会文化和行为相关因素，并可能进一步为预防和干预策略提供信息。
A large percentage (68%) of children under age 3 use screen media, such as television, DVDs and video games, on a daily basis. Research suggests that increased screen time in young children is linked to negative health outcomes, including increased BMI, decreased cognitive and language development and reduced academic success. Reviews on correlates of screen time for young children have included preschool age children and children up to age 7; however, none have focused specifically on correlates among infants and toddlers. As research suggests that screen media use increases with age, examining correlates of early media exposure is essential to reducing exposure later in life. Thus, this paper systemically reviews literature published between January 1999 and January 2013 on correlates of screen time among children between 0 and 36 months of age. Two methods were used to conduct this review: (1) Computerized searches of databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC, Medline); and (2) Reference sections of existing reviews and primary studies. Inclusion criteria were: (1) The article included separate data for children 36 months and younger, (2) English language, (3) peer reviewed article, (4) analysis reported for screen viewing as a dependent variable, (5) original research article and, (6) examined correlates or associations between screen time and other demographic, contextual or behavioral variables. Articles were compiled between 2011 and 2013 and evaluation occurred in 2012 and 2013. The literature search identified 29 studies that met inclusion criteria. These studies investigated a total of 33 potential correlates, which were examined in this review. Findings suggest demographic variables most commonly correlated with high screen time among infants and toddlers are child’s age (older) and race/ethnicity (minority). Child BMI, maternal distress/depression, television viewing time of the mother and cognitive stimulation in the home environment were also associated with screen media use. Studies reported that child sex, first born status, paternal education, non-English speaking family, two-parent household, number of children in the home and non-parental childcare were not associated with screen time among children aged 0–36 months. Associations were unclear (fewer than 60% of studies report an association) for maternal age, maternal education and household income. The remaining correlates were investigated in fewer than three studies and thus not coded for an association. The correlates identified in this study point to avenues for intervention to reduce screen time use in young children. However, further research is necessary to explore a number of environmental, socio-cultural and behavioral correlates that are under-examined in this population and may further inform prevention and intervention strategies.
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