The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans.

The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans.
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DOI:
10.1126/science.1172257
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发表时间:
2009-05-22
期刊:
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Williams SM
Williams SM
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tishkoff SA;Reed FA;Friedlaender FR;Ehret C;Ranciaro A;Froment A;Hirbo JB;Awomoyi AA;Bodo JM;Doumbo O;Ibrahim M;Juma AT;Kotze MJ;Lema G;Moore JH;Mortensen H;Nyambo TB;Omar SA;Powell K;Pretorius GS;Smith MW;Thera MA;Wambebe C;Weber JL;Williams SM

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非洲是所有现代人的发源地,但整个非洲大陆人口之间的遗传变异和关系的特征一直是个谜。我们研究了121个非洲人群体、4个非洲裔美国人群体和60个非非洲人群体在1327个核微卫星和插入/缺失标记上的变异模式。我们确定了非洲14个与自我描述的种族和共享的文化和/或语言特性相关的祖先人口群。我们观察到,在大多数人口中,混血血统水平很高,反映了整个大陆的历史移民事件。我们的数据还为地理上不同的狩猎采集人群(讲霍桑语和俾格米人)之间的共同祖先提供了证据。非洲裔美国人的祖先主要来自尼日尔-科尔多凡尼亚人(~71%)、欧洲人(~13%)和其他非洲人(~8%),尽管混血水平在个体之间有很大差异。这项研究有助于梳理非洲人和非裔美国人复杂的进化史,有助于人类学和遗传流行病学研究。
Africa is the source of all modern humans, but characterization of genetic variation and of relationships among populations across the continent has been enigmatic. We studied 121 African populations, four African American populations, and 60 non-African populations for patterns of variation at 1327 nuclear microsatellite and insertion/deletion markers. We identified 14 ancestral population clusters in Africa that correlate with self-described ethnicity and shared cultural and/or linguistic properties. We observed high levels of mixed ancestry in most populations, reflecting historical migration events across the continent. Our data also provide evidence for shared ancestry among geographically diverse hunter-gatherer populations (Khoesan speakers and Pygmies). The ancestry of African Americans is predominantly from Niger-Kordofanian (~71%), European (~13%), and other African (~8%) populations, although admixture levels varied considerably among individuals. This study helps tease apart the complex evolutionary history of Africans and African Americans, aiding both anthropological and genetic epidemiologic studies.
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