FtsHi4 is essential for embryogenesis due to its influence on chloroplast development in Arabidopsis.
FtsHi4 is essential for embryogenesis due to its influence on chloroplast development in Arabidopsis.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0099741
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Zhang C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lu X;Zhang D;Li S;Su Y;Liang Q;Meng H;Shen S;Fan Y;Liu C;Zhang C
叶绿体的形成与胚的发育和幼苗的生长有关。然而，叶绿体分化和胚胎发育之间的关系仍不清楚。拟南芥基因组中存在五个FtsHi基因，其编码与FtsH蛋白具有高度相似性的蛋白质，但缺乏Zn 2+结合基序。在这项研究中，我们表明，T-DNA插入突变在拟南芥FtsHi 4基因导致胚胎停滞在球形到心形的过渡阶段。透射电子显微镜分析显示异常的质体分化与突变体胚中类囊体形成的严重缺陷。免疫细胞学研究表明，FtsHi 4定位于叶绿体作为类囊体膜相关蛋白，支持其在类囊体膜形成中的重要作用。我们进一步表明，FtsHi 4形式的蛋白质复合物，并有一个显着减少D2和PsbO（两个光系统II蛋白）的积累突变胚珠。FtsHi 4在叶绿体发育中的作用是使用RNA干扰方法证实的。此外，在其他FtsHi基因，包括FtsHi 1，FtsHi 2和FtsHi 5突变引起的表型异常类似于ftshi 4在胚胎发生过程中的质体分化。两者合计，我们的数据表明，FtsHi 4，连同FtsHi 1，FtsHi 2，和FtsHi 5是必需的叶绿体发育在拟南芥。
Chloroplast formation is associated with embryo development and seedling growth. However, the relationship between chloroplast differentiation and embryo development remains unclear. Five FtsHi genes that encode proteins with high similarity to FtsH proteins, but lack Zn2+-binding motifs, are present in the Arabidopsis genome. In this study, we showed that T-DNA insertion mutations in the Arabidopsis FtsHi4 gene resulted in embryo arrest at the globular-to-heart–shaped transition stage. Transmission electron microscopic analyses revealed abnormal plastid differentiation with a severe defect in thylakoid formation in the mutant embryos. Immunocytological studies demonstrated that FtsHi4 localized in chloroplasts as a thylakoid membrane-associated protein, supporting its essential role in thylakoid membrane formation. We further showed that FtsHi4 forms protein complexes, and that there was a significant reduction in the accumulation of D2 and PsbO (two photosystem II proteins) in mutant ovules. The role of FtsHi4 in chloroplast development was confirmed using an RNA-interfering approach. Additionally, mutations in other FtsHi genes including FtsHi1, FtsHi2, and FtsHi5 caused phenotypic abnormalities similar to ftshi4 with respect to plastid differentiation during embryogenesis. Taken together, our data suggest that FtsHi4, together with FtsHi1, FtsHi2, and FtsHi5 are essential for chloroplast development in Arabidopsis.
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