The Use of Alternative Strategies for Enhanced Nanoparticle Delivery to Solid Tumors.
The Use of Alternative Strategies for Enhanced Nanoparticle Delivery to Solid Tumors.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00779
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发表时间：
2021-02-10
期刊：
影响因子：
62.1
通讯作者：
Soenen SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Izci M;Maksoudian C;Manshian BB;Soenen SJ
十多年来，纳米材料 (NM) 递送到实体瘤一直是深入研究的焦点。传统上，科学家们尝试通过采用被动或主动靶向策略，利用所谓的增强渗透性和保留（EPR）效应来改善 NM 传递。这种现象之所以成为可能，是因为肿瘤脉管系统存在渗漏，NM 可以通过渗漏离开血流，穿过血管内皮层的间隙，进入肿瘤。最近的研究表明，尽管人们为利用 EPR 效应做出了许多努力，但这一过程仍然很差。此外，EPR 效应的作用也受到质疑，有人认为 NM 通过主动机制而不是通过内皮间隙进入肿瘤。在这篇综述中，我们对 EPR 和增强它的机制进行了简短的概述，之后我们重点关注替代递送策略，这些策略不仅仅依赖于 EPR 本身，而且可以提供有趣的药理学、物理和生物解决方案来增强递送。我们讨论了这些不同策略的优点和缺点，并建议组合方法作为理想的前进道路。
Nanomaterial (NM) delivery to solid tumors has been the focus of intense research for over a decade. Classically, scientists have tried to improve NM delivery by employing passive or active targeting strategies, making use of the so-called enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. This phenomenon is made possible due to the leaky tumor vasculature through which NMs can leave the bloodstream, traverse through the gaps in the endothelial lining of the vessels, and enter the tumor. Recent studies have shown that despite many efforts to employ the EPR effect, this process remains very poor. Furthermore, the role of the EPR effect has been called into question, where it has been suggested that NMs enter the tumor via active mechanisms and not through the endothelial gaps. In this review, we provide a short overview of the EPR and mechanisms to enhance it, after which we focus on alternative delivery strategies that do not solely rely on EPR in itself but can offer interesting pharmacological, physical, and biological solutions for enhanced delivery. We discuss the strengths and shortcomings of these different strategies and suggest combinatorial approaches as the ideal path forward.
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