HIV-Tat Exacerbates the Actions of Atazanavir, Efavirenz, and Ritonavir on Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor (RyR2).

HIV-Tat Exacerbates the Actions of Atazanavir, Efavirenz, and Ritonavir on Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor (RyR2).
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DOI:
10.3390/ijms24010274
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发表时间:
2022-12-23
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Bidasee, Keshore R.
Bidasee, Keshore R.
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Alomar, Fadhel A.;Tian, Chengju;Bidasee, Sean R.;Venn, Zachary L.;Schroder, Evan;Palermo, Nicholas Y.;AlShabeeb, Mohammad;Edagwa, Benson J.;Payne, Jason J.;Bidasee, Keshore R.

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HIV感染者(PLWH)的心源性猝死(SCD)发生率很高,特别是那些病毒抑制不足的人,其原因尚未完全确定。2型ryanodine受体(RyR2)的及时打开和关闭对于确保有节奏的心脏收缩-放松周期至关重要,这些过程的破坏可引起Ca2+波,室性心律失常和SCD。在这里,我们发现HIV蛋白Tat (HIV-Tat: 0-52 ng/mL)和抗逆转录病毒药物阿扎那韦(atazanavir: 0-25,344 ng/mL)、依非韦伦(efavirenz: 0-11,376 ng/mL)和利托那韦(RTV: 0-25,956 ng/mL)的治疗水平结合并调节RyR2的打开和关闭。阿巴卡韦(0-14,315 ng/mL)、比替替韦(0-22,469 ng/mL)、利匹韦林(0-14,360 ng/mL)和富马酸替诺福韦二吡酯(0-18,321 ng/mL)不改变ryanodine与RyR2的结合[3H]。用低HIV-Tat (14 ng/mL)预处理RyR2增强了ATV和RTV结合打开RyR2的能力,增强了它们与EFV结合关闭RyR2的能力。利用Schrodinger Prime蛋白-蛋白对接算法在计算机上确定了RyR2上HIV-Tat的三个热力学有利的相互作用位点。最有利的位点位于氨基酸(AA) 1702-1963之间;第二个有利的位置位于AA 467-1465之间,第三个位置位于AA 201-1816之间。总的来说,这些新数据表明HIV-Tat、ATV、EFV和RTV可以结合并调节RyR2的活性,并且HIV-Tat可以加剧ATV、EFV和RTV对RyR2的作用。这些药物对RyR2的调节是否会增加心律失常和SCD的风险仍有待探讨。
The incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in people living with HIV infection (PLWH), especially those with inadequate viral suppression, is high and the reasons for this remain incompletely characterized. The timely opening and closing of type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is critical for ensuring rhythmic cardiac contraction–relaxation cycles, and the disruption of these processes can elicit Ca2+ waves, ventricular arrhythmias, and SCD. Herein, we show that the HIV protein Tat (HIV-Tat: 0–52 ng/mL) and therapeutic levels of the antiretroviral drugs atazanavir (ATV: 0–25,344 ng/mL), efavirenz (EFV: 0–11,376 ng/mL), and ritonavir (RTV: 0–25,956 ng/mL) bind to and modulate the opening and closing of RyR2. Abacavir (0–14,315 ng/mL), bictegravir (0–22,469 ng/mL), Rilpivirine (0–14,360 ng/mL), and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (0–18,321 ng/mL) did not alter [3H]ryanodine binding to RyR2. Pretreating RyR2 with low HIV-Tat (14 ng/mL) potentiated the abilities of ATV and RTV to bind to open RyR2 and enhanced their ability to bind to EFV to close RyR2. In silico molecular docking using a Schrodinger Prime protein–protein docking algorithm identified three thermodynamically favored interacting sites for HIV-Tat on RyR2. The most favored site resides between amino acids (AA) 1702–1963; the second favored site resides between AA 467–1465, and the third site resides between AA 201–1816. Collectively, these new data show that HIV-Tat, ATV, EFV, and RTV can bind to and modulate the activity of RyR2 and that HIV-Tat can exacerbate the actions of ATV, EFV, and RTV on RyR2. Whether the modulation of RyR2 by these agents increases the risk of arrhythmias and SCD remains to be explored.
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