Cellular and molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial function.

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial function.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.beem.2012.05.003
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发表时间:
2012-12
期刊:
Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Duchen MR
Duchen MR
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Osellame LD;Blacker TS;Duchen MR

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线粒体是存在于几乎所有真核细胞中的膜结合细胞器。它们负责协调细胞能量的产生,对维持生命和细胞死亡的守门人至关重要。它们被认为起源于共生祖先,携带着一个残存的基因组,作为mtDNA编码了13种对呼吸链功能至关重要的蛋白质。线粒体由内膜和外膜组成,内膜和外膜分隔和维持水区、膜间隙和基质。线粒体参与了许多细胞功能和功能障碍的核心过程,包括钙信号、细胞生长和分化、细胞周期控制和细胞死亡。线粒体在细胞中的形状和位置是至关重要的,并受到分裂和融合、生物发生和自噬过程的严格调控,确保了相对稳定的线粒体数量。线粒体功能障碍与代谢和年龄相关的疾病、神经退行性疾病和心脏和大脑的缺血性损伤有关。
Mitochondria are membrane bound organelles present in almost all eukaryotic cells. Responsible for orchestrating cellular energy production, they are central to the maintenance of life and the gatekeepers of cell death. Thought to have originated from symbiotic ancestors, they carry a residual genome as mtDNA encoding 13 proteins essential for respiratory chain function. Mitochondria comprise an inner and outer membrane that separate and maintain the aqueous regions, the intermembrane space and the matrix. Mitochondria contribute to many processes central to cellular function and dysfunction including calcium signalling, cell growth and differentiation, cell cycle control and cell death. Mitochondrial shape and positioning in cells is crucial and is tightly regulated by processes of fission and fusion, biogenesis and autophagy, ensuring a relatively constant mitochondrial population. Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in metabolic and age related disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic injury in heart and brain.
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