Microbiota activation and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity.

Microbiota activation and regulation of innate and adaptive immunity.
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DOI:
10.1111/imr.12180
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发表时间:
2014-07
影响因子:
8.7
通讯作者:
Elson CO 3rd
Elson CO 3rd
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Alexander KL;Targan SR;Elson CO 3rd

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人类宿主与称为微生物群的细菌物种集体以复杂的方式共同进化,影响先天免疫和适应性免疫。调节性 T 细胞和效应 T 细胞反应的差异调节是肠道内存在的特定微生物种类的直接结果,并且这种关系的主题是炎症和疾病期间的失调。个体之间的微生物群差异很大,并且对一个人对各种环境刺激的反应具有深远的影响,特别是如果一个人在遗传上易患免疫介导的炎症性疾病,例如炎症性肠病(IBD),包括克罗恩病(CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(UC)。大约一半的 CD 患者的 CBir1 抗体升高,CBir1 是小鼠和人类常见的微生物群鞭毛蛋白,表明鞭毛蛋白是肠道中的免疫显性抗原。本综述重点关注使用鞭毛蛋白作为探针来研究健康和疾病背景下微生物群的特异性反应,以及宿主用于应对微生物群中压倒性细菌存在的先天和适应性反应的探针。
The human host has co-evolved with the collective of bacteria species, termed microbiota, in a complex fashion that affects both innate and adaptive immunity. Differential regulation of regulatory T-cell and effector T-cell responses are a direct result of specific microbial species present within the gut, and this relationship is subject is dysregulation during inflammation and disease. The microbiota varies widely between individuals and has a profound effect on how one reacts to various environmental stimuli, particularly if a person is genetically predisposed to an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Approximately half of all CD patients have elevated antibodies to CBir1, a microbiota flagellin common to mice and humans, demonstrating flagellins as immunodominant antigens in the intestines. This review focuses on the use of flagellins as probes to study microbiota specific responses in the context of health and disease as well as probes of innate and adaptive responses employed by the host to deal with the overwhelming bacterial presence of the microbiota.
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