Social Influences on the Development of Cardiovascular Risk during Childhood and Adolescence

Social Influences on the Development of Cardiovascular Risk during Childhood and Adolescence
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社会对儿童和青少年时期心血管风险发展的影响

DOI:
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发表时间:
1994
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
W. Kliewer
W. Kliewer
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
--
作者:
C. Whalen;W. Kliewer

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据估计,今天的年轻人中有一半以上是注定要患心血管疾病(CVD)的发病率和死亡率(Frank,Webber和Berenson,1982)。由于心血管疾病通常被认为是成人疾病,因此一些读者可能会问,为什么风险因素应该成为儿童和青少年时期值得关注的问题。对青年的尸检研究为这个问题提供了一个令人信服的答案:尽管疾病的迹象在中年之前很少明显,但动脉粥样硬化在婴儿期就开始了,3岁时脂肪条纹明显,青春期出现纤维斑块(Cresanta et al.,1986年)。行为指标进一步强调了儿童和青少年对心血管疾病风险的重要性,因为从小学早期到高中,健康行为逐渐持续下降(Leventhal,Prohaska和Hirschman,1985)。正如Berenson(1986年)所断言的,“预防的最大潜力发生在生命早期,特别是对高危个体而言”(第21页)。在以下段落中,我们考虑了关注青年CV风险的四个基本指标:风险因素跟踪或连续性,健康风险指标和行为的聚集,预防干预的优先性,以及自然发育窗口或敏感期。
It has been estimated that more than half of today’s youths are predestined to cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality (Frank, Webber, & Berenson, 1982). Because cardiovascular diseases are usually considered adult maladies, some readers may ask why risk factors should be a cause for concern during childhood and adolescence. Autopsy studies of youths provide a compelling answer to this question: Although signs of disease are rarely obvious before midlife, atherosclerosis begins in infancy, with fatty streaks evident by age 3 and fibrous plaques appearing during adolescence (Cresanta et al., 1986). Behavioral indicators further underscore the importance of childhood and adolescence to CVD risk, given evidence of a gradual and consistent decline in health behaviors from the early primary to high school years (Leventhal, Prohaska, & Hirschman, 1985). As Berenson (1986) asserts, “Maximum potential for prevention occurs in early life, especially for high-risk individuals” (p. 21). In the following paragraphs, we consider four fundamental indications for a focus on CV risk in youth: risk factor tracking or continuity, the clustering of health risk indicators and behaviors, the preferability of prevention to intervention, and natural developmental windows or sensitive periods.
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