Racial disparities in pedestrian-related injury hospitalizations in the United States.
Racial disparities in pedestrian-related injury hospitalizations in the United States.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12889-020-09513-8
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发表时间：
2020-09-25
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Butcher B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hamann C;Peek-Asa C;Butcher B
种族/族裔差异已被记录在各种各样的健康结果中，环境因素是促成因素。例如，食物沙漠与肥胖率有关。行人受伤与环境因素密切相关，但没有研究研究过行人受伤率的种族差异。我们研究了美国一个全国性的代表性样本，以确定不同种族/民族的发病率，严重程度和费用的差异。从美国全国住院患者样本（2009-2016年）中抽取具有ICD诊断行人损伤电子代码的患者。费率是根据美国人口普查数据计算的。描述性统计和广义线性回归被用来检查与行人受伤住院相关的特征（年龄，性别，疾病严重程度，死亡率，住院时间，总费用）。与疟疾有关的年平均死亡人数每年超过5，000人，住院人数每年超过47，000人。与白人和亚洲或太平洋岛民种族/民族相比，黑人、西班牙裔和多种族/其他群体的住院率、人均费用、受伤儿童比例和住院时间更长。与白人相比，多种族/其他和黑人的住院率分别高出1.92（95% CI：1.89-1.94）和1.20（95% CI：1.19-1.21）倍。多种族/其他人、黑人和西班牙裔的人均成本（美元）分别为6.30美元、4.14美元和3.22美元，而白人和亚洲或太平洋岛民的人均成本分别为2.88美元和2.32美元。与白人（18.6%）相比，黑人（26.4%）、西班牙裔（22.6%）、亚洲或太平洋岛民（23.1%）和多种族/其他（24.1%）的住院时间超过一周的比例更大。极端和重大功能丧失比例在黑人中最高（34.5%），在白人中最低（30.2%）。这项研究的结果显示，行人受伤住院率和结果的种族差异，特别是在黑人，西班牙裔和多种族/其他种族/民族群体中，并支持人口和系统层面的预防方法。交通工具的获得是健康差异的一个指标，这些结果表明，获得安全交通工具也显示出种族/民族的不平等。
Racial/ethnic disparity has been documented in a wide variety of health outcomes, and environmental components are contributors. For example, food deserts have been tied to obesity rates. Pedestrian injuries are strongly tied to environmental factors, yet no studies have examined racial disparity in pedestrian injury rates. We examine a nationally-representative sample of pedestrian-related hospitalizations in the United States to identify differences in incidence, severity, and cost by race/ethnicity. Patients with ICD diagnosis E-codes for pedestrian injuries were drawn from the United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2009–2016). Rates were calculated using the United States Census. Descriptive statistics and generalized linear regression were used to examine characteristics (age, sex, severity of illness, mortality rates, hospital admissions, length of stay, total costs) associated with hospitalizations for pedestrian injuries. The annual average of pedestrian-related deaths exceeded 5000 per year and hospitalizations exceeded 47,000 admissions per year. The burden of injury from pedestrian-related hospitalizations was higher among Black, Hispanic, and Multiracial/Other groups in terms of admission rates, costs per capita, proportion of children injured, and length of stay compared to Whites and Asian or Pacific Islander race/ethnicities. Compared to Whites, hospital admission rates were 1.92 (95% CI: 1.89–1.94) and 1.20 (95% CI: 1.19–1.21) times higher for Multiracial/Other and Blacks, respectively. Costs per capita ($USD) were $6.30, $4.14, and $3.22 for Multiracial/Others, Blacks, and Hispanics, compared to $2.88 and $2.32 for Whites and Asian or Pacific Islanders. Proportion of lengths of stay exceeding one week were larger for Blacks (26.4%), Hispanics (22.6%), Asian or Pacific Islanders (23.1%), and Multiracial/Other (24.1%), compared to Whites (18.6%). Extreme and major loss of function proportions were also highest among Black (34.5%) and lowest among Whites (30.2%). Results from this study show racial disparities in pedestrian injury hospitalization rates and outcomes, particularly among Black, Hispanic, and Multiracial/Other race/ethnicity groups and support population and system-level approaches to prevention. Access to transportation is an indicator for health disparity, and these results indicate that access to safe transportation also shows inequity by race/ethnicity.
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Haider, Adil H.;Chang, David C.;Cornwell, Edward E., III
通讯作者：
Cornwell, Edward E., III
DOI：
10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.03.004
发表时间：
2016-12
期刊：
SSM - population health
影响因子：
--
作者：
Thornton CM;Conway TL;Cain KL;Gavand KA;Saelens BE;Frank LD;Geremia CM;Glanz K;King AC;Sallis JF
通讯作者：
Sallis JF
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Steinbach, Rebecca;Green, Judith;Grundy, Chris
通讯作者：
Grundy, Chris
DOI：
10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1357
发表时间：
2016-08-01
期刊：
Health affairs (Project Hope)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Thornton RL;Glover CM;Cené CW;Glik DC;Henderson JA;Williams DR
通讯作者：
Williams DR
DOI：
10.1097/01.phh.0000338382.36695.42
发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Williams, David R.;Costa, Manuela V.;Mohammed, Selina A.
通讯作者：
Mohammed, Selina A.