Paradoxical effects of stress and an executive task on decisions under risk.
Paradoxical effects of stress and an executive task on decisions under risk.
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压力和执行任务对风险决策的矛盾影响
DOI：
10.1037/a0032334
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Pawlikowski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schoofs;Pawlikowski
在日常生活中，决策往往是在压力下和忙于多项任务的情况下做出的。最近的研究表明，严重的压力会损害风险下的决策能力。同时执行一项执行任务也会导致风险更高的决策。为了考察这两个因素对决策的影响，我们采用2×2设计(压力与非压力、平行任务与非平行任务)进行了一项大型(N=126)实验研究。使用Trier社会压力测试(TSST)诱导压力，对照组接受安慰剂TSST。收集唾液样本以评估皮质醇和α-淀粉酶浓度作为两种应激反应系统的标志物。使用掷骰子游戏任务(GDT)来衡量决策过程。平行执行任务为2-back任务。我们的结果显示，压力和平行执行任务之间存在显著的交互作用。与我们之前的发现一致，急性压力和并行的执行任务分别倾向于损害风险下的决策，表现为更高风险的选择而不是低风险的选择。有趣的是，在并行任务(GDT+2-Back)条件下，压力下的参与者表现出与非压力下单一任务参与者相似的决策行为。回归分析显示，执行功能可以缓和压力对风险决策的影响。关于压力诱发的认知改变，如果同时执行一项执行任务，可能有利于风险下的决策，本文讨论了这些矛盾发现的原因。(心理信息数据库记录(C)2016 APA，版权所有)
In everyday life, decisions are often made under stress and while being occupied with multiple tasks. It has recently been shown that acute stress impairs decision making under risk. Performing a parallel executive task also caused riskier decision making. To investigate the effects of a combination of these two factors on decision making, we conducted a large (N= 126) experimental study with a 2× 2 design (stress vs. no stress and parallel task vs. no parallel task). Stress was induced using the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and controls underwent the placebo TSST. Salivary samples were collected to assess cortisol and alpha amylase concentrations as markers of the two stress response systems. Decision making was measured using the Game of Dice Task (GDT). A 2-back task served as parallel executive task. Our results revealed a significant interaction between stress and the parallel executive task. In line with our earlier findings, acute stress and a parallel executive task individually tended to impair decision making under risk, manifested by more high risky than low risky choices. Interestingly, stressed participants in the parallel-task condition (GDT plus 2-back) showed similar decision-making behavior as nonstressed single-task participants. Regression analyses revealed executive functions to moderate stress effects on decisions under risk. Reasons for these paradoxical findings are discussed with respect to stress-evoked cognitive alterations that may benefit decision making under risk, if an executive task is performed simultaneously.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Turnbull, OH;Evans, CEY;O'Connor, J
通讯作者：
O'Connor, J
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Plessow, Franziska;Fischer, Rico;Goschke, Thomas
通讯作者：
Goschke, Thomas
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
H. Pfister;G. Böhm
通讯作者：
G. Böhm
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Schwabe, Lars;Hoeffken, Oliver;Wolf, Oliver T.
通讯作者：
Wolf, Oliver T.
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Plessow, Franziska;Schade, Susann;Fischer, Rico
通讯作者：
Fischer, Rico