Iron-catalyzed urea synthesis: dehydrogenative coupling of methanol and amines.
Iron-catalyzed urea synthesis: dehydrogenative coupling of methanol and amines.
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DOI:
10.1039/c8sc00775f
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发表时间:
2018-04-28
期刊:
影响因子:
8.4
通讯作者:
Bernskoetter WH
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lane EM;Hazari N;Bernskoetter WH
An iron catalyzed method for selective urea synthesis is described. This approach couples methanol and amines to generate diverse organic ureas. Substituted ureas have numerous applications but their synthesis typically requires the use of highly toxic starting materials. Herein we describe the first base-metal catalyst for the selective synthesis of symmetric ureas via the dehydrogenative coupling of methanol with primary amines. Using a pincer supported iron catalyst, a range of ureas was generated with isolated yields of up to 80% (corresponding to a catalytic turnover of up to 160) and with H2 as the sole byproduct. Mechanistic studies indicate a stepwise pathway beginning with methanol dehydrogenation to give formaldehyde, which is trapped by amine to afford a formamide. The formamide is then dehydrogenated to produce a transient isocyanate, which reacts with another equivalent of amine to form a urea. These mechanistic insights enabled the development of an iron-catalyzed method for the synthesis of unsymmetric ureas from amides and amines.
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