Magnetoreception: activated cryptochrome 1a concurs with magnetic orientation in birds.
Magnetoreception: activated cryptochrome 1a concurs with magnetic orientation in birds.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsif.2013.0638
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发表时间：
2013-11-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wiltschko R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nießner C;Denzau S;Stapput K;Ahmad M;Peichl L;Wiltschko W;Wiltschko R
自由基对模型提出，鸟类的磁罗盘是基于眼睛中的自由基对过程，隐色素是一种黄素蛋白，被认为是受体分子。隐花色素1a(Cry1a)定位于欧洲知更鸟和鸡的UV/紫色锥体外节的圆盘上。在这里，我们展示了一种鸟隐花色素在自然条件下的体内激活特性。我们将鸡暴露在不同的光照条件下30分钟，并分析了用抗该蛋白C末端表位的抗血清标记的Cry1a的量。暴露在阳光和黑暗中后的染色表明，抗血清只标记了一种发光的、激活的Cry1a形式。暴露在不同波长的窄带光下，发现在紫外线、蓝光和绿松石光下，Cry1a被激活。在绿色和黄色的情况下，激活的Cry1a的数量减少，而在红色的情况下，如在黑暗中，没有激活的Cry1a的标记。因此，在鸟类可以使用磁倾角罗盘进行定向的所有波长上都发现了激活的Cry1a，支持了Cry1a作为受体分子的作用。在565 nm绿光下，Cry1a的活性和良好的取向行为被观察到，这一波长不被完全氧化的隐色素吸收，这表明在光还原过程中形成的Trp·/Fad·自由基对以外的状态对于探测磁方向至关重要。
The radical pair model proposes that the avian magnetic compass is based on radical pair processes in the eye, with cryptochrome, a flavoprotein, suggested as receptor molecule. Cryptochrome 1a (Cry1a) is localized at the discs of the outer segments of the UV/violet cones of European robins and chickens. Here, we show the activation characteristics of a bird cryptochrome in vivo under natural conditions. We exposed chickens for 30 min to different light regimes and analysed the amount of Cry1a labelled with an antiserum against an epitope at the C-terminus of this protein. The staining after exposure to sunlight and to darkness indicated that the antiserum labels only an illuminated, activated form of Cry1a. Exposure to narrow-bandwidth lights of various wavelengths revealed activated Cry1a at UV, blue and turquoise light. With green and yellow, the amount of activated Cry1a was reduced, and with red, as in the dark, no activated Cry1a was labelled. Activated Cry1a is thus found at all those wavelengths at which birds can orient using their magnetic inclination compass, supporting the role of Cry1a as receptor molecule. The observation that activated Cry1a and well-oriented behaviour occur at 565 nm green light, a wavelength not absorbed by the fully oxidized form of cryptochrome, suggests that a state other than the previously suggested Trp•/FAD• radical pair formed during photoreduction is crucial for detecting magnetic directions.
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