Visualising the cytoskeletal machinery in neuronal growth cones using cryo-electron tomography

Visualising the cytoskeletal machinery in neuronal growth cones using cryo-electron tomography
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使用冷冻电子断层扫描可视化神经元生长锥中的细胞骨架机制

DOI:
10.1101/2021.08.06.455451
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
--
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通讯作者:
Atherton J
Atherton J
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作者:
Atherton J

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神经元延伸轴突形成成熟大脑的复杂回路。这取决于轴突生长锥中微管和F-肌动蛋白网络的协调反应和持续重塑。生长锥结构在纳米尺度上仍然知之甚少。因此,我们研究了小鼠海马神经元生长锥使用冷冻电子断层扫描直接可视化其三维亚细胞结构的分子细节。我们的数据表明,形成丝状伪足的肌动蛋白束的六边形阵列穿透并终止于生长锥内部深处。我们直接观察到这些和其他生长锥肌动蛋白束的调制个别F-肌动蛋白螺旋结构的改变。微管与钝,稍微喇叭形或轻轻弯曲的两端占主导地位的增长锥,经常包含内腔颗粒,并表现出晶格缺陷。doublecortin,神经发育细胞骨架调节剂,生长锥细胞骨架的情况下的影响的调查显示,在整体生长锥组织或F-肌动蛋白亚群没有重大异常。然而,我们的数据表明,微管持续更多的结构缺陷,突出了生长锥迁移过程中微管完整性的重要性。
Neurons extend axons to form the complex circuitry of the mature brain. This depends on the coordinated response and continuous remodelling of the microtubule and F-actin networks in the axonal growth cone. Growth cone architecture remains poorly understood at nanoscales. We therefore investigated mouse hippocampal neuron growth cones using cryo-electron tomography to directly visualise their three-dimensional subcellular architecture with molecular detail. Our data showed that the hexagonal arrays of actin bundles that form filopodia penetrate and terminate deep within the growth cone interior. We directly observed the modulation of these and other growth cone actin bundles by alteration of individual F-actin helical structures. Microtubules with blunt, slightly flared or gently curved ends predominated in the growth cone, frequently contained lumenal particles and exhibited lattice defects. Investigation of the effect of absence of doublecortin, a neurodevelopmental cytoskeleton regulator, on growth cone cytoskeleton showed no major anomalies in overall growth cone organisation or in F-actin subpopulations. However, our data suggested that microtubules sustained more structural defects, highlighting the importance of microtubule integrity during growth cone migration.
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