Earlier snow melt and reduced summer precipitation alter floral traits important to pollination
Earlier snow melt and reduced summer precipitation alter floral traits important to pollination
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积雪提前融化和夏季降水减少改变了对授粉重要的花卉特征
DOI：
10.1111/gcb.15908
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Campbell, Diane R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Powers, John M.;Briggs, Heather M.;Dickson, Rachel G.;Li, Xinyu;Campbell, Diane R.
气候变化会导致影响适应性的生物特征的表达发生变化。在开花植物中，花的性状可以对干旱做出反应，并且表型可塑性有可能影响授粉和植物繁殖成功。全球气候变化导致以雪为主的生态系统中的雪提前融化，并影响生长季节的降水，但雪融化时间对花卉形态和回报的影响仍然未知。我们进行了交叉操作的春季积雪融化时间（早与控制）和夏季季风降水（增加，控制和减少），模仿最近的自然变化，并研究塑料响应花性状ofIpomopsis aggregata超过3年在落基山脉。我们测试了夏季降水增加是否补偿早期的积雪融化，如果可塑性与土壤水分和/或叶片气体交换的变化。夏季降水量减少降低了花冠长度、花柱长度、花冠宽度、萼片宽度和花蜜产量，增加了花蜜浓度。较早的融雪（考虑到自然和实验的变化）对这些性状有相同的影响，降低花序高度。夏季降水量减少的影响是在较早的积雪融化年花冠长度和萼片宽度。性状的减少被解释为干燥的土壤在开花期间，但这种影响只是部分解释了干燥的土壤如何影响植物水分胁迫，测量叶片气体交换。我们预测了塑料性状的变化对传粉者的访问率，授粉成功率和种子生产利用先前的研究。聚集体最大的预测效果干燥的土壤相对健身组件通过可塑性减少传粉者奖励（花蜜生产）所造成的男性健身下降。早期积雪融化和降水减少是表型可塑性的强大驱动力，在预测气候变化对雪主导的生态系统中植物性状的影响时，应考虑这两个因素。
Climate change can cause changes in expression of organismal traits that influence fitness. In flowering plants, floral traits can respond to drought, and that phenotypic plasticity has the potential to affect pollination and plant reproductive success. Global climate change is leading to earlier snow melt in snow‐dominated ecosystems as well as affecting precipitation during the growing season, but the effects of snow melt timing on floral morphology and rewards remain unknown. We conducted crossed manipulations of spring snow melt timing (early vs. control) and summer monsoon precipitation (addition, control, and reduction) that mimicked recent natural variation, and examined plastic responses in floral traits ofIpomopsis aggregataover 3 years in the Rocky Mountains. We tested whether increased summer precipitation compensated for earlier snow melt, and if plasticity was associated with changes in soil moisture and/or leaf gas exchange. Lower summer precipitation decreased corolla length, style length, corolla width, sepal width, and nectar production, and increased nectar concentration. Earlier snow melt (taking into account natural and experimental variation) had the same effects on those traits and decreased inflorescence height. The effect of reduced summer precipitation was stronger in earlier snow melt years for corolla length and sepal width. Trait reductions were explained by drier soil during the flowering period, but this effect was only partially explained by how drier soils affected plant water stress, as measured by leaf gas exchange. We predicted the effects of plastic trait changes on pollinator visitation rates, pollination success, and seed production using prior studies onI. aggregata. The largest predicted effect of drier soil on relative fitness components via plasticity was a decrease in male fitness caused by reduced pollinator rewards (nectar production). Early snow melt and reduced precipitation are strong drivers of phenotypic plasticity, and both should be considered when predicting effects of climate change on plant traits in snow‐dominated ecosystems.
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影响因子：
3
作者：
Andersson, S
通讯作者：
Andersson, S
控制条件下温度和水分胁迫对长花白菜（Polemoniaceae）花蜜特性的影响
影响因子：
--
作者：
Armando G. Villarreal;C. E. Freeman
通讯作者：
C. E. Freeman
五年来观测到的每日降水量揭示了美国西部大部分地区更长、变化更大的干旱事件
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Fangyue Zhang;J. Biederman;M. Dannenberg;Dong Yan;S. Reed;W. K. Smith
通讯作者：
W. K. Smith
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Campbell, DR;Crawford, N;Forbis, TA
通讯作者：
Forbis, TA
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
A. Seth;S. Rauscher;M. Rojas;A. Giannini;S. Camargo
通讯作者：
A. Seth;S. Rauscher;M. Rojas;A. Giannini;S. Camargo