A general framework for combining ecosystem models

A general framework for combining ecosystem models
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组合生态系统模型的通用框架

DOI:
10.1111/faf.12310
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Spence M
Spence M
中科院分区:
农林科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Spence M

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在对生态系统进行预测时,我们通常会使用许多不同的生态系统模型,试图以详细的机械方式表示其动态。其中每一个都可以用作大规模实验的模拟器,并对不同情景下生态系统的命运进行预测,以支持制定适当的管理策略。然而,结构差异、系统差异和不确定性导致不同的模型给出不同的预测。由于模型可能无法使用相同的功能组、空间结构或时间尺度运行,这一事实使情况变得更加复杂。重要的是要利用每个模型的优势,同时从它们之间的差异中学习,而不是简单地尝试选择“最佳”模型或采取一些加权平均值。为了实现这一目标,我们构建了一个灵活的统计模型,描述一组机械模型及其偏差之间的关系,允许结构和参数的不确定性以及表示现实的不同方式。使用这种统计元模型,我们可以使用贝叶斯方法将先验信念、模型估计和直接观察结合起来,并通过稳健的不确定性度量对不同场景下的未来结果做出连贯的预测。在这项研究中,我们采用了现有北海生态系统模型的多样化组合,并通过应用它来回答如果停止捕捞,底层鱼类会发生什么的问题来展示我们的框架的实用性。
When making predictions about ecosystems, we often have available a number of different ecosystem models that attempt to represent their dynamics in a detailed mechanistic way. Each of these can be used as a simulator of large‐scale experiments and make projections about the fate of ecosystems under different scenarios to support the development of appropriate management strategies. However, structural differences, systematic discrepancies and uncertainties lead to different models giving different predictions. This is further complicated by the fact that the models may not be run with the same functional groups, spatial structure or time scale. Rather than simply trying to select a “best” model, or taking some weighted average, it is important to exploit the strengths of each of the models, while learning from the differences between them. To achieve this, we construct a flexible statistical model of the relationships between a collection of mechanistic models and their biases, allowing for structural and parameter uncertainty and for different ways of representing reality. Using this statistical meta‐model, we can combine prior beliefs, model estimates and direct observations using Bayesian methods and make coherent predictions of future outcomes under different scenarios with robust measures of uncertainty. In this study, we take a diverse ensemble of existing North Sea ecosystem models and demonstrate the utility of our framework by applying it to answer the question what would have happened to demersal fish if fishing was to stop.
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