Pediatrician's role in vaccinating children and families for COVID-19: no one left behind.
Pediatrician's role in vaccinating children and families for COVID-19: no one left behind.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/s41390-021-01804-z
复制
发表时间：
2021-12
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Pediatric Policy Council
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de St Maurice A;Cheng TL;Devaskar SU;Pediatric Policy Council
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫苗对儿童的重要性在大流行期间一直存在争议，因为COVID-19在儿童中的发病率低于成人，尤其是5岁以下儿童的发病率更低。1然而，儿童的身心健康受到COVID-19疫情的直接及间接影响。仅在美国就有超过600万儿童被诊断患有COVID-19 1，超过4，000名儿童住院2，超过600名儿童死亡。1在全球范围内，19岁及以下的人已经有超过1000万例COVID-19病例和超过4000例死亡。3儿童COVID-19病例的数量可能被低估，因为儿童感染后的症状往往较轻，接受检测的可能性可能低于成人，特别是在低收入和中等收入国家，这些国家的检测可能有限。COVID-19病例数据并不总是按年龄组报告。感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）的儿童有感染后并发症的风险，包括儿童多系统炎症综合征4和“长COVID”。5关闭学校和取消体育活动等大流行病缓解措施与儿童心理健康困难和肥胖率增加有关，并扩大了与种族/族裔和社会经济地位有关的健康差距。6除了COVID-19感染外，疫情对儿童的身心健康和教育进步产生了深远的影响。7最近，传播性更强的Delta变异的出现扩大了对全球儿童的威胁。2021年5月至11月期间，新冠肺炎儿童病例的比例大幅增加。3于2021年11月11日的一周内，美国新增超过120，000宗COVID-19病例，占每周COVID-19病例的27%。8在全球总人口中有更大比例的人接种疫苗之前，新的变异将继续出现。出于这些原因以及其他原因，当疫苗有效性和安全性数据可用并得到严格评估时，所有6个月至17岁的儿童接种COVID-19疫苗非常重要。儿童占世界人口的30%以上，9但大部分人没有接种COVID-19疫苗，因为直到最近，疫苗才被批准用于12岁以下的儿童。儿童疫苗接种滞后主要是因为COVID-19疫苗首先在成人中进行研究，因为老年人的发病率和疾病严重程度较高。在美国，唯一获得5岁以下儿童紧急使用授权的疫苗是辉瑞BioNTech疫苗10、11，几家疫苗制造商正在研究6个月大的儿童使用COVID-19疫苗。幸运的是，儿童COVID-19疫苗接种已被发现对5岁及以上的儿童安全有效，12-14岁，其益处远远超过风险。此外，儿童在COVID-19传播给其他儿童和成人（包括最脆弱的免疫功能低下个体）中发挥作用。正如Pratico和Ruggieri在他们的文章中所说，未接种疫苗的儿童可能会导致成人的传播事件，类似于之前的麻疹疫情。15.有报告称，受感染的儿童已成为其接种疫苗或未接种疫苗的父母的传播媒介，随着新变种的出现和学校的重新开放，这种风险可能会增加。
The importance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in children has been debated during the pandemic because the incidence of COVID-19 in children is lower than in adults, with particularly low rates in children< 5 years of age. 1 However, the physical and mental health of children has been greatly impacted by both direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. More than six million children have been diagnosed with COVID-19 in the United States alone 1, over 4,000 children have been hospitalized 2 and over 600 children have died. 1 Globally, there have been over ten million COVID-19 cases and over 4000 deaths in persons 19 years of age and younger. 3 The number of pediatric COVID-19 cases may be underestimated because children tend to have milder symptoms from infection and may be less likely to be tested than adults, particularly in low-and middle-income countries where access to testing may be limited. and COVID-19 case data are not always reported by age group. Children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are at risk of postinfectious complications including Multi-system Inflammatory Syndrome in Children 4 and “long-COVID.” 5 Pandemic mitigation measures such as school closures and cancellation of athletic activities have been associated with increased mental health difficulties and obesity rates in children, and have widened health disparities related to race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. 6 Beyond COVID-19 infection, the impact of the pandemic on children’s mental and physical wellbeing and educational progress has been far-reaching. 7 More recently, the emergence of the more transmissible Delta variant has magnified the threat to children globally. The proportion of new COVID-19 cases in children has increased substantially from May through November 2021. 3 During the week of November 11 2021, children accounted for over 120,000 new COVID-19 cases in the United States and represented 27% of the weekly COVID-19 cases. 8 Until a greater proportion of the overall global population is vaccinated, new variants will continue to emerge. For these reasons and more, it is important for all children aged 6 months to 17 years of age to be vaccinated against COVID-19 when vaccine efficacy and safety data are available and rigorously evaluated. Children constitute over 30% of the world’s population, 9 yet are largely unvaccinated against COVID-19, because until recently the vaccine had not been approved for children< 12 years of age. Childhood vaccinations have lagged primarily because COVID-19 vaccines were first studied in adults, given the higher incidence and severity of illness in the older population. In the United States, the only vaccine to have received emergency use authorization for children as young as 5 years of age is the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine 10, 11 and several vaccine manufacturers are studying COVID-19 vaccines in children as young as 6 months of age. Fortunately, pediatric COVID-19 vaccinations have been found to be safe and effective for children 5 years of age and older, 12–14 with the benefits far outweighing risks. In addition, children play a role in COVID-19 transmission to other children and adults including the most vulnerable immunocompromised individuals. As Pratico and Ruggieri state in their article, unvaccinated children could potentially lead to transmission events in adults, similar to prior measles outbreaks. 15 There are reports of infected children who have been vectors of transmission to their vaccinated or unvaccinated parents and this risk will likely increase as new variants arise and schools reopen …
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.1056/nejmoa2116298
发表时间：
2022-01-06
期刊：
The New England journal of medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Walter EB;Talaat KR;Sabharwal C;Gurtman A;Lockhart S;Paulsen GC;Barnett ED;Muñoz FM;Maldonado Y;Pahud BA;Domachowske JB;Simões EAF;Sarwar UN;Kitchin N;Cunliffe L;Rojo P;Kuchar E;Rämet M;Munjal I;Perez JL;Frenck RW Jr;Lagkadinou E;Swanson KA;Ma H;Xu X;Koury K;Mather S;Belanger TJ;Cooper D;Türeci Ö;Dormitzer PR;Şahin U;Jansen KU;Gruber WC;C4591007 Clinical Trial Group
通讯作者：
C4591007 Clinical Trial Group
DOI：
10.1093/infdis/jiaa691
发表时间：
2021-02-13
期刊：
The Journal of infectious diseases
影响因子：
--
作者：
Goldstein E;Lipsitch M;Cevik M
通讯作者：
Cevik M
DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.mm7020e1
发表时间：
2021-05-21
期刊：
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
影响因子：
--
作者：
Wallace M;Woodworth KR;Gargano JW;Scobie HM;Blain AE;Moulia D;Chamberland M;Reisman N;Hadler SC;MacNeil JR;Campos-Outcalt D;Morgan RL;Daley MF;Romero JR;Talbot HK;Lee GM;Bell BP;Oliver SE
通讯作者：
Oliver SE
影响因子：
24
作者：
Dionne, Audrey;Sperotto, Francesca;Friedman, Kevin G.
通讯作者：
Friedman, Kevin G.
DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.mm7045e1
发表时间：
2021-11-12
期刊：
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
影响因子：
--
作者：
Woodworth KR;Moulia D;Collins JP;Hadler SC;Jones JM;Reddy SC;Chamberland M;Campos-Outcalt D;Morgan RL;Brooks O;Talbot HK;Lee GM;Bell BP;Daley MF;Mbaeyi S;Dooling K;Oliver SE
通讯作者：
Oliver SE