Universality in volume-law entanglement of scrambled pure quantum states.

Universality in volume-law entanglement of scrambled pure quantum states.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-018-03883-9
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发表时间:
2018-04-24
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Sugiura S
Sugiura S
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nakagawa YO;Watanabe M;Fujita H;Sugiura S

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只要关注局域可观测量,一个纯量子态就可以完全描述热平衡。热力学熵也可以恢复为小子系统的纠缠熵。然而,当子系统的大小增加时,量子关联打破了这种对应关系,并要求对这一简单的体积定律进行修正。因此,阐明纠缠熵的尺寸依赖关系对于将量子物理与热力学联系起来是至关重要的。在这里,我们推导了一类纯态的纠缠熵的解析公式,这类纯态称为cTPQ态,表示平衡。数值计算发现,我们的公式普遍适用于任何表示热平衡的充分扰乱的纯态,即不可积模型的能量本征态和量子猝灭后的态。我们的公式被用于混沌系统的诊断,它可以区分可积模型和不可积模型,可以区分多体局部化阶段和混沌阶段。量子系统中一个小区域与周围环境之间的纠缠包含了关于整个状态的细节。Nakagawa等人。求出了一类类热态的纠缠熵公式,表明它可以更广泛地应用于平衡态的识别。
A pure quantum state can fully describe thermal equilibrium as long as one focuses on local observables. The thermodynamic entropy can also be recovered as the entanglement entropy of small subsystems. When the size of the subsystem increases, however, quantum correlations break the correspondence and mandate a correction to this simple volume law. The elucidation of the size dependence of the entanglement entropy is thus essentially important in linking quantum physics with thermodynamics. Here we derive an analytic formula of the entanglement entropy for a class of pure states called cTPQ states representing equilibrium. We numerically find that our formula applies universally to any sufficiently scrambled pure state representing thermal equilibrium, i.e., energy eigenstates of non-integrable models and states after quantum quenches. Our formula is exploited as diagnostics for chaotic systems; it can distinguish integrable models from non-integrable models and many-body localization phases from chaotic phases. The entanglement in a quantum system between a small region and the surrounding environment contains details about the whole state. Nakagawa et al. find a formula for the entanglement entropy of a class of thermal-like states and show that it can be applied more broadly to identify equilibrating states.
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