Understanding bacteriophage specificity in natural microbial communities.
Understanding bacteriophage specificity in natural microbial communities.
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DOI：
10.3390/v5030806
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发表时间：
2013-03-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Meaden S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koskella B;Meaden S
研究细菌和感染它们的噬菌体病毒之间的共同进化动力学对于理解微生物多样性和生态系统功能至关重要。噬菌体可以在塑造细菌种群动态中发挥关键作用，并可以显著改变细菌宿主之间的种内和种间竞争。然而，预测噬菌体如何影响群落稳定性和明显的竞争，需要了解细菌-噬菌体相互作用网络如何随着宿主多样性和群落动态而进化。在这里，我们首先回顾了在理解噬菌体特异性方面取得的进展，包括实验进化的使用，然后我们介绍了从七叶树层球收集的天然噬菌体的新数据集，最后我们强调细菌对噬菌体的敏感性很少是二元特征，这种变化应该被考虑和报道。我们强调，目前还没有足够的证据来广泛概括自然种群中噬菌体宿主的范围，噬菌体对新宿主的适应限制，或噬菌体特异性在形成微生物群落中的意义。然而，实验和基因组方法与自然群落研究的结合将使人们对复杂细菌群落中噬菌体特异性的进化和影响有新的认识。
Studying the coevolutionary dynamics between bacteria and the bacteriophage viruses that infect them is critical to understanding both microbial diversity and ecosystem functioning. Phages can play a key role in shaping bacterial population dynamics and can significantly alter both intra- and inter-specific competition among bacterial hosts. Predicting how phages might influence community stability and apparent competition, however, requires an understanding of how bacteria-phage interaction networks evolve as a function of host diversity and community dynamics. Here, we first review the progress that has been made in understanding phage specificity, including the use of experimental evolution, we then introduce a new dataset on natural bacteriophages collected from the phyllosphere of horse chestnut trees, and finally we highlight that bacterial sensitivity to phage is rarely a binary trait and that this variation should be taken into account and reported. We emphasize that there is currently insufficient evidence to make broad generalizations about phage host range in natural populations, the limits of phage adaptation to novel hosts, or the implications of phage specificity in shaping microbial communities. However, the combination of experimental and genomic approaches with the study of natural communities will allow new insight to the evolution and impact of phage specificity within complex bacterial communities.
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