Restoring the Balance between Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Insights from Animal Models.

Restoring the Balance between Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Insights from Animal Models.
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恢复促炎和抗炎细胞因子在类风湿关节炎治疗中的平衡:来自动物模型的新见解

DOI:
10.3390/biomedicines10010044
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发表时间:
2021-12-26
期刊:
影响因子:
4.7
通讯作者:
Zimmerman DH
Zimmerman DH
中科院分区:
工程技术3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Markovics A;Rosenthal KS;Mikecz K;Carambula RE;Ciemielewski JC;Zimmerman DH

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类风湿性关节炎(RA)和其他自身免疫性炎症性疾病是免疫系统内失衡(动态平衡被破坏)的例子,这些失衡是由于一生积累的环境和习惯性侮辱的影响,以及遗传易感性造成的。该综述将目前的免疫疗法--(1)抗风湿病药物(DMARDS)和(2)Janus Kinase(JAK)抑制剂(Jakinibs)--与较新的方法--(3)治疗性疫苗(使用LEAP疫苗方法)--进行了比较。配体表位抗原呈递系统(LEAPS)疗法能够抑制动物模型中正在进行的疾病进展。DMARDS可去除或抑制特定的促炎细胞因子或细胞,而jakinibs则抑制促炎细胞因子表达的受体激活级联反应,而LEAPS治疗性疫苗则专门调节正在进行的抗原特异性、疾病驱动、促炎T细胞反应。这减少了疾病的表现,改变了细胞因子的转换,减少了炎性细胞因子(IL-17、IL-1(α或β)、IL-6、干扰素-γ、肿瘤坏死因子-α)的表达,而增加了调节性细胞因子(IL-4、IL-10、转化生长因子-β)的表达。这篇综述将类风湿关节炎的治疗目的重新聚焦于重新平衡免疫系统,而不是损害特定的成分来阻止疾病。这篇综述的目的是发人深省,并期待新的治疗方式,而不是提出最终的决定性报告。
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune inflammatory diseases are examples of imbalances within the immune system (disrupted homeostasis) that arise from the effects of an accumulation of environmental and habitual insults over a lifetime, combined with genetic predispositions. This review compares current immunotherapies—(1) disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and (2) Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (jakinibs)—to a newer approach—(3) therapeutic vaccines (using the LEAPS vaccine approach). The Ligand Epitope Antigen Presentation System (LEAPS) therapies are capable of inhibiting ongoing disease progression in animal models. Whereas DMARDs ablate or inhibit specific proinflammatory cytokines or cells and jakinibs inhibit the receptor activation cascade for expression of proinflammatory cytokines, the LEAPS therapeutic vaccines specifically modulate the ongoing antigen-specific, disease-driving, proinflammatory T memory cell responses. This decreases disease presentation and changes the cytokine conversation to decrease the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-1(α or β), IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α) while increasing the expression of regulatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β). This review refocuses the purpose of therapy for RA towards rebalancing the immune system rather than compromising specific components to stop disease. This review is intended to be thought provoking and look forward towards new therapeutic modalities rather than present a final definitive report.
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