Oncolytic Viruses: Newest Frontier for Cancer Immunotherapy.
Oncolytic Viruses: Newest Frontier for Cancer Immunotherapy.
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DOI：
10.3390/cancers13215452
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发表时间：
2021-10-29
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
McFadden G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rahman MM;McFadden G
溶瘤病毒（OV）是选择性地靶向并杀死癌细胞，同时不伤害正常细胞的病毒。 OV 来自不同的病毒家族，但天然存在的 OV 由于其在治疗应用中的局限性而已被基因工程改造。这些工程化的 OV 具有增强的肿瘤靶向能力、溶瘤活性或产生有效的抗肿瘤免疫反应，并在临床前动物模型和癌症患者的临床试验中进行了测试。由于其多机制的抗肿瘤作用，OVs已成为关键的癌症免疫治疗药物之一。然而，由于免疫疗法和细胞疗法等新型抗癌疗法的成功有限，因此应使用 OV 来测试联合疗法。我们讨论了此类联合疗法，旨在进一步改进溶瘤病毒疗法。癌症仍然是全世界死亡的主要原因。尽管有许多进展迹象，但目前可用的癌症治疗方法通常无法为太多癌症提供理想的结果。因此，需要更新、更有效的治疗方法。溶瘤病毒（OV）已成为一种新型癌症治疗方式，它选择性地靶向并杀死癌细胞，同时不伤害正常细胞。在过去的几十年里，许多不同的 OV 候选药物被开发出来，并在实验室环境和癌症患者临床试验中进行了测试。人们已经采取了许多方法来克服 OV 的局限性，包括改造 OV 来选择性激活抗肿瘤免疫反应。然而，新的方法，例如将 OV 与当前的免疫疗法相结合，将“免疫冷”肿瘤转化为“免疫热”肿瘤，几乎肯定会提高 OV 的效力。在这里，我们讨论为进一步改进溶瘤病毒疗法而探索的策略。
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are viruses that selectively target and kill cancer cells while sparing normal ones. OVs are from diverse families of viruses, but naturally occurring OVs have been genetically engineered due to their limitations in therapeutic application. These engineered OVs with enhanced tumor targeting ability, oncolytic activity, or generating potent anti-tumor immune responses are tested in preclinical animal models and cancer patients in clinical trials. Due to their multi-mechanistic anti-tumor effects, OVs have emerged one of the key cancer immunotherapy agents. However, due to the limited success with novel anti-cancer therapies such as immunotherapies and cell-based therapies, combination therapies should be tested with OVs. We discuss such combination therapies that are explored to further improve oncolytic virotherapy. Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Despite many signs of progress, currently available cancer treatments often do not provide desired outcomes for too many cancers. Therefore, newer and more effective therapeutic approaches are needed. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as a novel cancer treatment modality, which selectively targets and kills cancer cells while sparing normal ones. In the past several decades, many different OV candidates have been developed and tested in both laboratory settings as well as in cancer patient clinical trials. Many approaches have been taken to overcome the limitations of OVs, including engineering OVs to selectively activate anti-tumor immune responses. However, newer approaches like the combination of OVs with current immunotherapies to convert “immune-cold” tumors to “immune-hot” will almost certainly improve the potency of OVs. Here, we discuss strategies that are explored to further improve oncolytic virotherapy.
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影响因子：
11.3
作者：
Chan WM;McFadden G
通讯作者：
McFadden G
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
FINBERG, RW
影响因子：
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作者：
Eriksson, Emma;Milenova, Ioanna;Loskog, Angelica
通讯作者：
Loskog, Angelica
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影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Correa RJ;Komar M;Tong JG;Sivapragasam M;Rahman MM;McFadden G;Dimattia GE;Shepherd TG
通讯作者：
Shepherd TG
影响因子：
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作者：
Cornejo Y;Li M;Dellinger TH;Mooney R;Rahman MM;McFadden G;Aboody KS;Hammad M
通讯作者：
Hammad M