Impact of Dietary Fats on Brain Functions.
Impact of Dietary Fats on Brain Functions.
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DOI：
10.2174/1570159x15666171017102547
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Meccariello R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chianese R;Coccurello R;Viggiano A;Scafuro M;Fiore M;Coppola G;Operto FF;Fasano S;Laye S;Pierantoni R;Meccariello R
充足的饮食摄入量和营养状况对大脑功能和大脑健康有重要影响。饮食中的能量摄入和特定营养物质的过量或不足会不同地影响认知过程、情绪、行为、神经内分泌功能和突触可塑性，从而可能对神经生理产生保护或有害的影响。尤其是脂质，在神经元中扮演着结构和功能上的角色。在这里，饮食脂肪的重要性以及了解外周和中枢代谢感应器激活的大脑机制的必要性。因此，控制生活方式因素，如饮食干预，可能代表着一种成功的治疗方法，可以维持和保护大脑健康和长寿。该综述旨在总结饮食脂肪对大脑功能的影响。从脂肪消耗、营养感知和与食物相关的奖励入手，讨论肠脑沟通对大脑健康和疾病的影响。一个特别的焦点将是脂肪对下丘脑内参与控制生殖的分子通路的影响，这些分子通路涉及促性腺激素释放激素的表达和释放。最后，还将讨论特定的脂肪类别，如多不饱和脂肪酸和所有饮食中“最胖”的饮食，通常被称为“生酮饮食”，对大脑功能的影响。尽管对分子机制的了解仍在进行中，但控制饮食脂肪的临床意义已经得到很好的承认，而且这种操作实际上目前正在用于治疗脑部疾病。
Adequate dietary intake and nutritional status have important effects on brain functions and on brain health. Energy intake and specific nutrients excess or deficiency from diet differently affect cognitive processes, emotions, behaviour, neuroendocrine functions and synaptic plasticity with possible protective or detrimental effects on neuronal physiology. Lipids, in particular, play structural and functional roles in neurons. Here the importance of dietary fats and the need to understand the brain mechanisms activated by peripheral and central metabolic sensors. Thus, the manipulation of lifestyle factors such as dietary interventions may represent a successful therapeutic approach to maintain and preserve brain health along lifespan. This review aims at summarizing the impact of dietary fats on brain functions. Starting from fat consumption, nutrient sensing and food-related reward, the impact of gut-brain communications will be discussed in brain health and disease. A specific focus will be on the impact of fats on the molecular pathways within the hypothalamus involved in the control of reproduction via the expression and the release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone. Lastly, the effects of specific lipid classes such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and of the “fattest” of all diets, commonly known as “ketogenic diets”, on brain functions will also be discussed. Despite the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms is still a work in progress, the clinical relevance of the manipulation of dietary fats is well acknowledged and such manipulations are in fact currently in use for the treatment of brain diseases.
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Chianese R;Ciaramella V;Scarpa D;Fasano S;Pierantoni R;Meccariello R
通讯作者：
Meccariello R