Outsourced hearing in an orb-weaving spider that uses its web as an auditory sensor.
Outsourced hearing in an orb-weaving spider that uses its web as an auditory sensor.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2122789119
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发表时间：
2022-04-05
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
所有已知动物的听觉都依赖于拥有由细胞组织组成的听觉器官，并受到身体大小的限制。我们发现，在圆织蜘蛛的听力功能外包到其扩展表型，蛋白质自制的网络，因此过程的行为可控性。这一发现为动物扩展认知和听觉打开了新的视角--蜘蛛听觉功能的外包和超大化。这项研究呼吁重新调查蜘蛛-最古老的陆地动物之一的显着进化生态学和感官生态学。外包听力的感觉模态为研究扩展和再生感知提供了一个独特的模型，并提出了新的设计特征，以激发新型声流探测器。听觉是许多动物的基本感觉，包括所有哺乳动物，鸟类，一些爬行动物，两栖动物，鱼类和节肢动物。这些动物的听觉器官经过数亿年的进化，在解剖学上非常多样化，但都是由细胞组织组成，在形态上是动物身体的一部分。在这里，我们表明，在圆织蜘蛛Larinioides sclopetarius的听力不受有机体的身体，但通过外包听力扩展到其扩展表型，蛋白质，自制的圆网。我们发现，纤细的，轮形的球网作为一个超急性声学天线捕捉声音引起的空气粒子运动，接近最大的物理效率比所有以前已知的鼓膜的声学响应。通过感知蛛丝的运动，蜘蛛远程检测并定位传入的空气声波的来源，例如接近猎物或捕食者发出的声波。通过将其声学传感器外包到其网络上，蜘蛛摆脱了身体大小的限制，并允许蜘蛛极大地增加其声音敏感表面积，最多可达蜘蛛本身的10，000倍。蜘蛛还可以灵活地根据其需要进行功能调整并定期再生其外部“鼓膜”。蜘蛛听觉功能的外包和超大化为研究扩展和再生感知以及设计用于精确流体动力学测量和操纵的新型声学流量检测器提供了独特的功能。
The sense of hearing in all known animals relies on possessing auditory organs that are made up of cellular tissues and constrained by body sizes. We show that hearing in the orb-weaving spider is functionally outsourced to its extended phenotype, the proteinaceous self-manufactured web, and hence processes behavioral controllability. This finding opens new perspectives on animal extended cognition and hearing—the outsourcing and supersizing of auditory function in spiders. This study calls for reinvestigation of the remarkable evolutionary ecology and sensory ecology in spiders—one of the oldest land animals. The sensory modality of outsourced hearing provides a unique model for studying extended and regenerative sensing and presents new design features for inspiring novel acoustic flow detectors. Hearing is a fundamental sense of many animals, including all mammals, birds, some reptiles, amphibians, fish, and arthropods. The auditory organs of these animals are extremely diverse in anatomy after hundreds of millions of years of evolution, yet all are made up of cellular tissue and are morphologically part of the bodies of animals. Here, we show that hearing in the orb-weaving spider Larinioides sclopetarius is not constrained by the organism’s body but is extended through outsourcing hearing to its extended phenotype, the proteinaceous, self-manufactured orb web. We find that the wispy, wheel-shaped orb web acts as a hyperacute acoustic antenna to capture the sound-induced air particle movements that approach the maximum physical efficiency better than the acoustic responsivity of all previously known eardrums. By sensing the motion of web threads, the spider remotely detects and localizes the source of an incoming airborne acoustic wave, such as those emitted by approaching prey or predators. By outsourcing its acoustic sensors to its web, the spider is released from body size constraints and permits the araneid spider to increase its sound-sensitive surface area enormously, up to 10,000 times greater than the spider itself. The spider also enables the flexibility to functionally adjust and regularly regenerate its external "eardrum" according to its needs. The outsourcing and supersizing of auditory function in spiders provides unique features for studying extended and regenerative sensing and designing novel acoustic flow detectors for precise fluid dynamic measurement and manipulation.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
MASTERS, WM;MARKL, H
通讯作者：
MARKL, H
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Mortimer, B.;Soler, A.;Vollrath, F.
通讯作者：
Vollrath, F.
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Miller, Luke E.;Montroni, Luca;Farne, Alessandro
通讯作者：
Farne, Alessandro
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
ROBERT, D;AMOROSO, J;HOY, RR
通讯作者：
HOY, RR
DOI：
10.1007/bf00619124
发表时间：
1982-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
BARTH, FG;GEETHABALI
通讯作者：
GEETHABALI