LaeA control of velvet family regulatory proteins for light-dependent development and fungal cell-type specificity.
LaeA control of velvet family regulatory proteins for light-dependent development and fungal cell-type specificity.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1001226
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发表时间：
2010-12-02
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Braus GH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sarikaya Bayram O;Bayram O;Valerius O;Park HS;Irniger S;Gerke J;Ni M;Han KH;Yu JH;Braus GH
VeA是真菌调控蛋白绒毡层超家族的创始成员。这种蛋白参与光响应，并在构巢曲霉中协调有性生殖和次生代谢。在黑暗中，VeA连接VelB和LaeA形成VelB - VeA - LaeA（绒毡层）复合物。类VeA蛋白VelB是另一种发育调控因子，而LaeA被认为是次生代谢的全局调控因子。在这项研究中，我们表明VelB与绒毡层家族的另一个成员VosA一起形成第二种受光调控的发育复合物，该复合物抑制无性发育。LaeA不仅在次生代谢中起关键作用，而且在引导VelB - VosA和VelB - VeA - LaeA复合物的形成方面也起着关键作用。LaeA控制VeA的修饰和蛋白质水平，并具有其他发育功能。laeA缺失突变体导致组成型的有性分化，这表明LaeA在响应光抑制有性发育中起关键作用。此外，LaeA的缺失导致子实体显著变小。这是由于缺乏一种特定的球状细胞类型（厚垣细胞），这种细胞在发育过程中滋养幼小子实体。这表明LaeA控制厚垣细胞。总之，LaeA在真菌的形态和化学发育中起着动态作用，并且它控制绒毡层调控因子的表达、相互作用和修饰。
许多真菌有可能感染免疫功能低下的患者，或者污染和破坏我们的营养物质。它们构成的威胁日益增加，危及公共卫生和农业。这需要更好地理解真菌的生长、发育、孢子传播和真菌毒素的产生。我们发现了两种相关的真菌特异性蛋白复合物，它们在孢子形成、真菌发育和次生代谢产物产生之间提供了分子联系。这两种复合物的亚基分配相互依赖，并且它们共享一个共同的亚基。这些复合物包含绒毡层家族的三种相关且在真菌中保守的蛋白质，它们与一种已知的次生代谢调控因子LaeA协同作用。这种蛋白质控制两种复合物的形成，但只是三聚体复合物的一部分。我们发现这种次生代谢调控因子在基因表达中也具有几种发育控制功能。在真菌模式系统构巢曲霉中发现的这些蛋白复合物在真菌病原体中是保守的，在那里它们可能为理解生长、发育以及与各自宿主的相互作用提供新的见解。
VeA is the founding member of the velvet superfamily of fungal regulatory proteins. This protein is involved in light response and coordinates sexual reproduction and secondary metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans. In the dark, VeA bridges VelB and LaeA to form the VelB-VeA-LaeA (velvet) complex. The VeA-like protein VelB is another developmental regulator, and LaeA has been known as global regulator of secondary metabolism. In this study, we show that VelB forms a second light-regulated developmental complex together with VosA, another member of the velvet family, which represses asexual development. LaeA plays a key role, not only in secondary metabolism, but also in directing formation of the VelB-VosA and VelB-VeA-LaeA complexes. LaeA controls VeA modification and protein levels and possesses additional developmental functions. The laeA null mutant results in constitutive sexual differentiation, indicating that LaeA plays a pivotal role in inhibiting sexual development in response to light. Moreover, the absence of LaeA results in the formation of significantly smaller fruiting bodies. This is due to the lack of a specific globose cell type (Hülle cells), which nurse the young fruiting body during development. This suggests that LaeA controls Hülle cells. In summary, LaeA plays a dynamic role in fungal morphological and chemical development, and it controls expression, interactions, and modification of the velvet regulators. Numerous fungi have the potential to infect immunocompromised patients or to contaminate and spoil our nutrients. They represent an increasing danger that threatens public health and agriculture. This requires improved understanding of fungal growth, development, dissemination of spores, and mycotoxin production. We have discovered two related fungal specific protein complexes that provide a molecular link among spore formation, fungal development, and secondary metabolite production. The subunit allocation of both complexes depends on each other, and they share a common subunit. These complexes comprise three related and in fungi conserved proteins of the velvet family that function in concert with a known regulator of secondary metabolism, LaeA. This protein controls the formation of both complexes but is only a part of the trimeric complex. We found that this regulator of secondary metabolism also possesses several developmental control functions in gene expression. These protein complexes discovered in the fungal model system Aspergillus nidulans are conserved in fungal pathogens where they might provide novel insights for understanding growth, development, and interaction with their respective hosts.
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2.8
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